UNHCR and its action before the migration crisis
The immigration crisis is a problem that has long exists and affects a lot in regions such as Europe, since this is the destiny of various migrants and refugees who arrive from continents such as Africa and Asia, more accurately, the Middle East. The large number of people who are preparing to migrate to other countries are the result of wars, violence and even exploitation of the regions of which they come, all this caused by Europe, the United States and its allies. The reason why people decide to emigrate from their country is usually because they want. This has become a great danger to migrants who put their lives at risk when trying on roads such as the Mediterranean Sea. This crisis is a problem that has existed for many years, decades even, however the situation intensified in Europe in 2015 when there were 1.65 million people requests for refuge, this due to the conflict in Syria (OECD, 2015). In this year, 1,015,877 arrived in Europe through the Mediterranean, of which 3371 deaths were registered, 5096 deaths were recorded, in 2017 there were 3139 and in 2018, 2275. In 2018, Spain became the main destination of migrants both by Mediterranean and land, 777 deaths and disappearances of only this route were registered in this year. The three main countries to which migrants arrived in this year were Spain, which arrived 58,600 migrants, Italy, which came 23,400 migrants, and Greece, which 32,500 migrants arrived (UNHCR, 2019). People who make the decision to migrate to Europe must survive risks such as crossing conflict and desert areas, even are in danger of being kidnapped and tortured.
The countries from which the majority of migrants come are Syria, Afghanistan, Iraq, Pakistan, Nigeria, Iran, Eritrea, Albania, Russia, among others. While the countries to which these people decide to migrate are Spain, Germany, Italy, France, Greece, Austria and the United Kingdom. Because the European Union has not correctly addressed the problem and has not had a good immigration policy, a great gap between European countries has been created, the attitude of citizens varies from one country to another, more than anything because of existenceof both right and left matches. All this has caused people’s protectionism and nationalist selfishness.
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
In the case of the Mediterranean Sea, this conflict has been registered since the 1960Migrants work in industrialized places, contemplating the return of the worker to their country of origin at the end of the contract, however many workers stayed to live in these countries with their families (Argall, 2010) . Initially, the causes of migration were war in Syria and economic difficulties in different countries in Africa. This migration has had a very high social impact since there are communities of confined migrants near workplaces in the receiving countries, which is why these countries have developed heterogeneous communities. The UN has done jobs for the European Union to admit refugees because their lives are in danger.
On the other hand in the Gulf of Adén, this dilemma is presented by the different wars, being one of the first Yemen recipient countries, in a migration peak it was in 2006 with a little more than 12000 migrants, however not everyone arrives inHis destination because in 2010 fifteen people died during his journey. This problem has evolved due to the different conflicts that arise in Africa. ACNUR has done food and water reception work and then give a decent transport to the people who arrive Yemen. This country has designed various economic support, but has not provided sufficient asylums for refugees. On this trip, migrants flee from violence by placing themselves in the hands of traffickers, and then abandoned midway. The UN began its efforts in 1994 with help for the displaced people of war.
Current relevance
Despite the constant decrease of refugees that use the Mediterranean route to reach Europe from the crisis previously in 2015, this route has become one of the most dangerous, increasing its mortality index along the way, but not only, the road is dangerous, Libya, one of the areas in which refugees take the Mediterranean route, has become a high -risk area, where the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees has evacuated hundreds of peoplewho have suffered from abuse in these areas.
During 2016, the largest number of deaths were recorded on the Mediterranean route, with a total of 5000 deaths, with an average of 14 deaths per day. By 2017 the number of deaths was reduced to 3139.
The most used roads on this route of Libya or Tunisia for Italy, a country that is used to reach the European zone.
The countries that make up this committee are Saudi Arabia, Belgium, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, France, Greece, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Liberia, Luxembourg, Zealand, Poland, United Kingdom and Northern Ireland, Syria, Dominican Republic, Belarus, South Africa, Turkey, Ukraine.
Leave feedback