The most unequal areas in the world
Introduction
Latin America has charged for years the sad title of being one of the most unequal areas in the world, because most of its inhabitants are rooted in a context of deficiencies in terms of access to economic resources and adequate social protection modalities;Reason why the region since the beginning of the decade has promulgated its intention of multiple reforms in its social policies that generated not only in its inhabitants, but also in the world expectations about the possibility of advancing in the construction of a more inclusive social citizenship.
Developing
The increase in social inequality and the departure that produces the type of economic growth of this era;the full value of democratic institutions;the limitations of the expense attributed to the necessary fiscal balance in the wicked tax projects;the cultural changes induced by the footprint of the technological revolution in the media;the exhaustion of absolute state models in the passing of past decades;And the geopolitical contradictions of them have highlighted a hoarding evolutions that by extension, depth and lightness, make up the atmosphere in which the social policies that have already been mentioned have extended have tried to implement the countries of the region.
As Briggs mentions: organized power is used deliberately in an effort to modify the market forces game in at least three directions – first, guaranteeing individuals and families a minimum income that is not related to themarket value of your work or property;Second, by reducing insecurity allowing individuals and families to solve certain social contingencies (for example, disease, advanced age and unemployment) that would lead, otherwise, individual and family crises;And third, ensuring that all citizens without distinction of status or class receive a set of social services with a quality that reflects the best standards available.
At the beginning of the acclaimed structural reforms, they would be expected that they would rush economic growth, increase employment incubation and attend poverty. However, the intensity and dimension of economic restructuring originated social costs that mixed with long -data social deficit made the need to introduce social compensation measures, such as emergency employment programs, food subsidies and social emergency funds, in social emergency funds,Almost all the structural agreement programs that Latin America countries were being carried out.
The transformations of economies and return to democratic regimes in several Latin American countries also affected the forms of social policy organization, while the redesign of the State and public management in general became part of the reform agenda. In the social field, the need for a reform of the social action of the State oriented by criteria of Good Government and aimed to strengthen the role of this as social manager as a social manager was argued. In this sense, the modernization of state social policy and its exclusive concentration in the objective of the fight against poverty began to acquire political relevance based on the task of consolidation of democracy.
Likewise, in the countries of Latin America a significant plurality in what is reviewed to the historical line, size and scope of social protection programs are exhibited. At present, two groups of countries can be distinguished according to the way in which the State, the market and families are articulated in the provision of social welfare.
In the first of them, composed of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica and Uruguay and Mexico, the State has a greater presence in the coverage of social risks, even when its social policy regimes have a high level of segmentation and presenceFrom the market. In the other group, which are made upThe absence of state responses for much of the population.
conclusion
Finally, a primary reorientation of social policy had been necessary at the time and without closing the band for the general effectiveness of the reform guidelines supported to date, on the one hand, the strong emphasis allowed by transformations to the role of the actorprivate and market reasoning in the classification and supply of social services, and on the other, intrinsic exhaustion in the element of a compensatory social policy that conducts with actions assistance to the economic policy provisions while the expected economic growth occurs, whichin itself would bring more well -being to the population.
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