THE MONARCHY OF SPAIN OF THE CATHOLIC KINGS
Introduction
"The monarchy factory. Trace and conservation of the monarchy of Spain of the Catholic Monarchs and the Austrias ”The video shows the speech of entrance to the Royal Academy of History (RAH) of Xavier Gil Pujol to cover the medal 35 after the death of Vicente Palacio Aved. The speech "The factory of the monarchy. Trace and conservation of the monarchy of Spain of the Catholic Monarchs and the Austrias ”who speaks of the construction and maintenance mechanism of that monarchical factory that covers from the Catholic Monarchs to the last Austrias.
Developing
The Royal Academy of History (RAH) is an institution in force since the second quarter of the 18Real advice. In this meeting the name of the Universal Academy was agreed, since it was intended to accommodate science, art and letters. The Count of Torrepalma suggested that the Royal Library be chosen as provisional headquarters, ordered to create by Felipe V. The historian Don Modesto de la Fuente promoted the construction, on behalf of the State, of a building in which to find all the existing academies.
In 1847 the Universal Academy was reorganized and a distinctive medal was created for each academic numerary, identical except for the central emblem and the motto of Exergo. Since its creation, it had real protection, being the patron monarch, to the present day, of all the royal academies created from this universal academy;being the oldest: the Royal Spanish Academy, the Royal Academy of History and the Royal Academy of Arts of San Fernando. The least known are: the Royal Academy of Exact, Physical and Natural Sciences., The Royal Academy of Moral and Political Sciences, Royal National Academy of Medicine. The Royal Jurisprudence and Legislation Academy.
Each academic member of these institutions holds a medal, imposed by the director at a public reception of each new numerary, is mandatory in public sessions. The speech begins with a thanks to the merits that academics have granted, as well as a recapitulation of the merits and works of the deceased Vicente Palacio Atard and Ramón Carande and Thovar, who also held the 35. He goes to a saying collected by Gonzalo Correas of his “proverbial sayings and phrases”, and an appointment of Cervantes in “Don Quijote de la Mancha”.
To mention two characteristics of the policy of the time the long entitulation of the headlines of the Spanish monarchy and the existence of kingdoms adhered or linked to others by some type of loop. More or less long entitulation of adherent kingdoms that, explains Gil Pujol, constitute the most visible facet of the political-territorial formations of the Modern Age. Formations that today we recognize as composite monarchies, aggregation monarchies or union of kingdoms, states or manors. In the Spanish case, says the academic, that configuration was established by the Catholic Monarchs.
The word "factory" appears in the "Treasury of the Castilian language" of Sebastián Covarrubias, a definition that applied to the monarchy evoked notions of structure, solidity and majesty. Building supported on the basis of religion that, in turn, was based on columns that represented justice and remaining cardinal virtues. Although some authors attribute that support to noble houses and mayorazgo or even colonies. He mentions Diego Pérez de Mesa, who by 1630 said: "Politics is nothing other than science of the city and the kingdom, it is architectural".
Another very common image was the political body that was compared to the human body. Both governed by the same principles of hierarchy, order and unity of which they resigned health and harmony. This conferred to the political body a natural and organic character;But he alleges that the dynamic was not only organic and natural, but that the factory needs the designer of his trace. Xavier Gil Pujol explains that the contemporary population to the Catholic Monarchs said the founding nature of their reign, an opinion that was consolidated over time. Although it went to the Catholic monarch to whom the role of founder of the so -called "monarchy factory" was attributed.
But the factory image, as it has been seen in Covarrubias, also supposed over time and, hence the need for repair. The monarchy suffered a delayed wear and tear in various parts of the seventeenth century. Period of decline in which historiography, without reducing importance, points out the great adaptive capacity of the Hispanic monarchy;who remained politically and territorially without altering until the War of Succession (1700-1713). Since the foundation of this factory is established with the Catholic Monarchs, the task of their events will be the "conservation".
Concern that increases during the 16th century, in the last years of the reign of Felipe II, before the first symptoms of economic crisis and increased fiscal pressure. Even more acute concern in the following decades with the arrival and involvement in the Thirty Year War (1618-1648). The conservation of this factory and trace was not entrusted to the public, but the legal-territorial policy gives clues about the mechanisms used by the monarchs for their maintenance. For example, in 1593, Felipe II signed the ordinances of discoveries, new population and pacification of the Indies.
In them, explains the academic, the term "conquest" is suppressed by that of "pacification" and others, so that the Indians could not be made or grievable. The death of King Sebastián in 1578, introduces the Spanish monarch the opportunity to dystically unite the Lusitanian kingdom to his domains, as happened. And after him, Gil Pujol, continues to list small decisive movements of his successors in this attempt to tie up a huge territory under the same crown, inhabited by very diverse societies that gave rise to numerous popular conflicts such as the uprising of Catalonia.
And it is that the Hispanic monarchy was unmatched because it gathered under its bosom, by inheritance (where fueros and traditions were preserved) or conquest, a huge variety of kingdoms and manors, both in the European and American continent, in the American, indivisible heritage in the successions. Which gave rise to a series of difficulties such as royal absenteeism or the complicated government of all domains. The dynastic policy was continuous to weave and weave alliances that dragged, as Gil Pujol, domains and vassals also says.
conclusion
The arrival of the Austrias was unusual succession continuity in the time. The first minority of age would not reach up to 1665, continuity that was one of the forces of the monarchy;But that, in turn, was a factor of weakness due to endogamy. The accumulation of an extensive territory in the figure of a monarch was also a two -sided currency, on the one hand, granted power and prestige;But, on the other, it was a difficult government of all of him. Difficulty to which the strong colonial competition, war conflicts and economic stagnation is subsequently added.
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