The Medical Revolution of Public Health
Introduction
Public health arises as a health concept focused on the individual and the population. The end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century were a watershed in medicine, since with the industrial revolution the medical revolution arose, which followed the same pattern: the creation of devices and instruments. This began the transformation of medicine as a science and the establishment of medical specialties. The term public health is recent. In the first years of the twentieth century, the words health and beneficence were still used in Mexico. The first one rather awakens the idea of what is good for health. The second refers to the health services provided by the Government. The current public health concept is used worldwide and is more complex. It has been concluded that public health depend on economic, political, social, cultural and economic elements. The merit of Mexican doctors was quickly adapting to prevailing thought. Important changes occurred in medical and medical guild, associated with the foundation of various medical institutions. Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, who had exceptional intelligence and enjoyed the confidence of General Porfirio Díaz, was appointed president of the Higher Health Council in 1885, with his appointment, during his trip to Europe in 1887, he visited the Louis Pasteur laboratory inParis and received the attenuated virus of rabies in a rabbit brain. He transferred him to Mexico and reproduced the virus according to the technique advised to fix it, and on April 23, 1888 he vaccinated the child Isidro Delgadillo, who had been bitten by a rabid dog, saving his life. Liceaga created the Antirrabic Institute, for the production of the antirrabic vaccine. In 1889, Dr. Luis E. Ruiz, Veracruz de Alvarado, depart in the daily and hygienist practice by self-taught, was in charge of the chair of hygiene, in which he expressed concepts and drew a program that allow us to know what hygiene was for Mexican doctors of a century ago a century ago a century ago. Among several concepts, he pointed out that “hygiene is the scientific art to preserve health and invigorate the body. Consequently, hygiene is the first of the arts, since health is the first of the goods ”. Dr. Ruiz affirmed that the conservation of health consists in the prevention of diseaseThis way will be avoided or overcome by the diseases that invade us when the body is weakened;Second, undergo incessant way to effective hydrotherapy, because in this way it is certain that we prevent all of the diseases that come from cold and moisture and, third, we must submit to vaccinations ”. In 1892, the American Public Health Association held its Congress in Mexico City, having appointed Vice President to Dr. Liceaga. One of the achievements of Congress was the reinforcement of health actions between Mexico and the United States. Five years later, in 1897, Dr. Ramírez attended the next congress, held at Washington DC, with the representation of Mexico.
Developing
The birth of modern public health in Mexico occurred during the last decades of the 19th century and the first of the twentieth century. Of course, in the current Mexican territory there were public hygiene actions since pre-Hispanic times, and then, in colonial periods (1521-1821), Independent Mexico (1821-67) and the restored Republic (1867-76). But the passage of sanitary to public health took place during the government of Porfirio Díaz (1876-1910), known as Porfiriato. The Mexican doctor Gustavo Baz Prada, a health statesman, who, together with Ignacio Chávez, the most eminent doctor in the history of Mexico, gave direction, modernization and laid the solid bases of Medicine and Public Health of the twentieth century in Mexico in Mexico. During the violent period of the Mexican Revolution they prepared to rebuild health infrastructure, modernize, care and teaching institutions, as well as establish new approaches to medical services, update postgraduate education and the creation of national health institutes. From the chairs in the School of Medicine, the seats at the National Academy of Medicine went on to occupy the direction of the School of Medicine, with transcendent contributions such as the White Cruces, which were new emergency care institutions. It is not until the culmination of the Mexican Revolution, which officially ended with the promulgation of the Political Constitution of 1917, with a new political vision the Department of Health and the General Health Council are created;In 1919, the Mexican Medical Association was established, in 1922 the Health and School of Health and Hygiene was created, in 1922 Mexican cardiology was born, in 1926 the birth and development of gastroenterology is given in Mexico that same year a new sanitary code is promulgated,In 1930 the antituberculous campaign was undertaken to complete the scheme the Hygiene Institute already prepared in the BCG vaccine, which began to be used in large scale as a preventive measure even until today.
It is not until 1939 where national campaigns are initiated by the mother and the child, the protection for the binomial was an issue that collided relevance for the governments emanating from the Mexican Revolution. Different public and private instances added efforts to improve the living conditions of this sector of society since the 1920s. The Secretary of Public Assistance joined this task and set out to influence the awareness of the inhabitants of the country and directed a message on the radio to La Nación on May 10, 1939, in which he called on all sectors of thecountry that will cooperate in an enthusiastic way in the national prevention campaign in favor of the mother and the child headed by the secretary.
With the campaign, it was tried to reach the most remote places of the national territory, leading to the so -called devalted classes the most indispensable teachings to ensure that all homes gather the elementary hygiene conditions for women close to being mothers and those who already countedWith children, looking for these to have the best physical and mental development. The Secretary of Assistance emphasized that Mexican children still lived difficult conditions and that children’s mortality and morbidity rates remained high, and that it was necessary, to end the foundations of a better homeland, since “today’s children represent the generations of thefuture". For this reason, it was established in almost all states of the Republic, Children’s Assistance Centers, Maternity Houses, Medical-Hygienic Center, etc. For that same year in Chignautla, a municipality within the state of Puebla was given the birth of my grandmother, Mrs. Roberta Lucas Paulino on February 21, 1939 where, in an interview conducted, commented that, by annecdote of her mother, stillThere was no health campaign aimed at the mother and the child since it would arise months later they were not aware of any stay where they could request help to receive medical care more scientifically, resulting in their birth with a midwifeSince their parents were of limited resources and null schooling not receiving vaccines, since there were still no nearby stays to provide these services, after this, in 1940 there is a new vision of modern obstetrics giving way to the evolution ofPublic health where, according to the passage of time, more companions for disease prevention were launched.
conclusion
The Porfirian sanitary were attentive to the advances that the medical sciences then had;These knowledge influenced the promulgation of health laws which were changing while the medical theories did and put themselves at the public health service that was then born, and that would be interrupted in an abrupt way and for almost a decade by the movement by the movementRevolutionary initiated in 1910, and then in 1917 with the culmination of the Mexican Revolution, public health was re -retaken, creating strategies that included campaigns for the prevention and treatment of diseases that could whip the country resulting in a medical revolution.
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