The history of documentary cinema in societies
The documentary is the expression of all the culture and society aimed at one or more themes of the reality shown in the form of audio and video with the structure of interviews and voice texts. The chronological sequence of completely real materials, crestomathies images that give rise to a wide variety of formats so wide today, ranging from the documentary through recreation formats, and by very varied reports .Fiction programs often adopt a format very similar to the documentary begins the history of the documentary worldwide when the cinema begins, there is a record that the first documentaries begin since the Lumiere brothers begin in the cinema there by 1895 and demonstratedthe ability that the filmmaker or cameraman had to document the stories. Until 1907 the number of documentaries exceeded that of fiction films, however, from then on the situation changed. Fiction films began to multiply and managed to attract more attention from the public. Some of the factors that would influence this fact were, since the incorporation of innovations such as the art of Méliès assembly in fiction cinema, the influence of the sponsorship of royalty in many of the shorts filmed by the operators of the Lumiere brothers, orThe colonialist tendency that was reflected in the works with the attitudes of a colonial mentality.Vetov and Flaherty were among the first to adopt the nascent format and already threatened by objectivity and defend their film essence there emerged the idea of the documentary, the first documentary was that of Namuk the Eskimo that dates from 1922 directed by Robert Flaherry, addedNarrative elements of the plot, of suspense, and delineous the characters and in 1929 John Grierso used his own film portrait of fishing at sea, to convince the British government to place a filming unit, Grierson presides over an institutional base for productionof documentary films and that is how the practice of the documentaries began their maturity. It is until the thirties that the first formal and language renewal is given to the documentary due to the incorporation of sound into the images, however at the end of 1920 there is an important change since the pioneers are overcome and the media allowThat more value films are made, World War II caused a social convulsion that transforms the strategies of the documentary adapting to the propaganda and educational needs a clear example was the role that Lenin Riefenstahl represented she was at the service of Adolf Hitler’s propaganda forexalt the values of a higher society with the right to impose itself before lower people and thus strengthen the moral of a society pushed to the catastrophe
The appearance of the documentary at that time implies the combination of existing elements, photographic realism, narrative structure and modernist fragmentation all this with a new emphasis on social persuasion. The most dangerous element, the most potential demanded the most demanding treatment, their relationships with social changes and politics, modernist techniques created an artistic aura around the documentaries, but also threatened to distract the attention of activists’ goalsof the government. The modernist practices of the 20s, s gave surgery to a third element that led to the appearance of the documentary format, the appearance of the documentary contributed with something vital for the birth of the documentaries, significantly rebuilt the appearance of images. The documentary took an identifiable form of photographic realism while the narrative structure and modernist fragmentation pursued the goal of social persuasion rather than the use of authentic facts, narrative, attractive experiences. As consistent throughout the twenties, there was a wave of documentary realization, which allowed the distinguishing the modernist artist of the social speaker, but it happened for the first time not in the British documentary but in the constructivist art of Soviet cinema, where theavant -garde and documentary trends intertwined in a lived interaction. The most important thing that was verified in the history of the documentary was the technological relationship that elapsed in the 50s and 60s and that consisted of the introduction and use of cameras and sound, these inventions allowed interviews. Another important appearance was that of portable magnetophones, for films with greater sensitivity and thus it was constantly innovating for the creation of better documentaries between the filmed news, another type that were called ‘rebuilt’ had to be distinguished. These were actually recreations of events that had some interest to the public. Among the reconstructions were scenes of executions, battles or even acts related to royalty. The documentary is an eminently didactic cinema that has gone through all positive versions and meetings in the history of cinema, it is not a second cinema to point out that since its inception documentary cinema has been present with great efficiency and authority, even more itstechnicians due to the difficulty of filming, the precariousness of the filming conditions. The documentary is cinema made on the basis of materials taken from the reality, the organization and structure of images, sounds, texts and interviews according to the author’s point of view determines the type of documentary, the chronological sequence of completely real recreation materials,infographics images, give rise to many documentary formats through many reports. The documentary cinema highlighted is not a genus a documentary film is not accordingly a deliberate structure that relies on a persistent model, the documentary genre, has facts that have happened or that are happening. This is what differentiates a documentary film from a fiction film handles materials that only exist in the film, there are so much or more difference that between a documentary film there are between two documentaries one of which counts facts that have passed, there are many differences betweenboth. A documentary counts something that has happened works with the remains of what has happened a long time ago, it works accordingly with the archive material, photos or sounds that belong. When a documentary on the contrary has things that are happening that occur at the same moment in which the filmmaker is filming it, the work is organized according to this characteristic of the material.
During World War II, the documentary cinema had unquestionable effects of propaganda, put at the service of the exacerbated patriotic feeling, and discredit of the enemy, in order to encourage troops and keep families and the animated people in rear. Paul Rotha thus performs descriptive films the human documentary in the war I did, especially by Humphrey Jennings, with Spare Time 1939 and The First Day Daysi 1939 that shows the city of London preparing to resist the bombing. In Words for Battle 1940
Laurence Olivier recited poetic texts from different generations with images of refugees and ruins, and thus obtained an aesthetic result thanks to the word. Listen to Britain 1942, which showed the usual course of a day during the war, moving from military material factories to problems through a london full of ruins. It was an image and sound work, with an adequate use of music, as Mozart helps to raise the spirits. In the postwar period he offered Diary for Timothy 1945, a newspaper that reviews the facts that occurred from the Normandy landing. Then he abandoned the war genre with The Cumberland Story 1947, played by miners and reflects a confrontation between unions and employer. The documentary cinema is the expression of an aspect of the reality formed in the organization and structure of images, sounds and interviews according to the author’s point of view determines the type of documentary its cognitive value can vary between the educational or informative historical. In documentary cinema the use of the narration either through phrase of off or through interviews surveys etc. The use of living voices of the protagonists of the fact is essential to use sound and musical effects, visual reproduction, maps, dramatizations, slides, diagrams, models, animations among others is creative and deep. There are various types of documentaries such as the one that is focused on an event, the event is the spine of the film can try to make known many historical events such as the sinking of a ship until the capture of an important criminal. This is the defining of an interesting process, each fact is the complement to another is to reduce to the essential each process of them resulting in the comparison between the different fragments, traveling the journey of a trip with all its nuances are elements are elementsFrom a documentary, a walled city is the one that uses a microcosm to insinuate a critique on a larger scale, the historical since every film reproduces everything that has already happened, all the films are historical. Cinema is a means to resurrect the past. The film medium itself, for its realism and its movement, is ineluctable over time;There is no way to illustrate;The screen looks like an extremely poor vehicle because the sense of history is pure abstraction.
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