The history of athletics in Colombia and its divisions
Introduction
The word athletics comes from the Greek word athletes and has as meaning every individual who competes in order to obtain recognition. And all this without forgetting that this Greek word is in relation to the word Aethos that is synonymous with effort. Athletics is the oldest organized form of sport and has been celebrated for thousands of years. The first organized meetings of history were the Olympic Games, which began the Greeks in 776 to.C.
Developing
For many years, the main Olympic event was the Pentathlon, which included disk and javelin releases, pedestrian races, long jump and wrestling. Other tests, such as men with armor men, were later part of the program. The Romans continued to celebrate the Olympic tests after conquering Greece in 146 to.C. In the year 394 of our was the Roman emperor Teodosio abolished the games. For eight centuries, organized athletics competitions were held.
Restored in England around the mid -nineteenth century, athletic tests gradually became the favorite sport of the English. In 1834 a group of enthusiasts of this nationality agreed to the minimum required to compete in certain tests. Also in the nineteenth century the first university athletic meetings were held between the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, the first national rally in London in 1866 and the first amateur rally held in the United States on covered track in 1868. Athletics later acquired great monitoring in Europe and America.
In 1896 the Olympic Games began in Athens, a restored modification of the old games that the Greeks celebrated in Olimpia. Later the games have been held in several countries at four -year intervals, except in war time. In 1913 the International Federation of Amateur Athletics (IAAF) was founded. With the headquarters of London, the IAAF is the governing agency of the athletics competitions at an international scale, establishing the rules and giving the records obtained by athletes. In the nineteenth century the interest and popularity for all kinds of games are increasing.
Athletics history in Colombia
The history of athletics in Colombia began in the second decade of the twentieth century, both in the mode of track and in the field. On track, there are the tests of 100, 200, 400, 800, 1.500, 5.000 and 10.000 smooth meters;those of 100, 110 and 400 with fences and the 3.000 meters with obstacles. Most of the tests are individual, but there are also for relays, such as the 4 x 100 post and the 4 x 400 meters. March tests are also included in this category. To the field modality belong the height jumps, with garrocha, long and triple, and the bullet, javelin, hammer and disc throws.
Start of athletics in Colombia
Colombian athletics has traveled a long way since Jorge Perry, he made a presence in the Marathon of the 1932 Olympic Games, without the fortune of finishing it. Five years later, FECODATLE (the Colombian Athletics Federation) was founded and joined the Consudatle (the South American Confederation). Shortly after, in 1938, Bogotá, the Colombian capital, was the seat of the first edition of the Bolivarian Games, where the athletes of the host nation won four events.
Jaime Aparicio was one of the first Colombian athletes to achieve with his actions a true impact at the continental level. The 400 -meter specialist with fences won gold medals at the Bolivarian Games 1947 to 1948, the Central Americans and Caribbean 1950 and 1954 and was the winner of the first gold medal for Colombia in the history of the Pan American Games, in 1951,in Buenos Aires, argenitna. It was also dominator in the 1954 and 1956 South American championships.
Athletics is divided into:
Careers
- Speed races: The shortest range from 50 to 60 meters long and is usually made on covered courts. The longest vary between 100 and 400 meters and are usually done outdoors.
- Vallas: speed races where the athlete must overcome a series of ten wood and metal fences. The fences vary at their altitude, depending on competitors.
- Medium distance races: speed races that vary between 600 and 3000 meters.
- Long distance races: races that exceed 3000 meters. Within this category are the famous marathons.
- Relay races: also called posts. They are races made as a team, where each competitor runs a certain distance. The equipment passes a plastic tube and wins the first that the goal arrives.
Jump
There are many types of jumps among which we have:
- High jump
- Garrocha jump
- Long jump
- Triple jump
Launch
There are four main types of releases.
- Weight launch: a small metal ball is launched, whose weight varies in the age and sex of the competitor.
- Disco launch: an album is released, its weight varies depending on the age and sex of the competitor.
- Hammer launch: a heavy ball is thrown that has adhered a metallic wire
- Jabalin launch: a metal tip metal bar is launched, whose minimum length is 260 centimeters for men and 220 for women
March
In this type of tests, try to walk as quickly as possible (march) without running. The leg that advances has to be straight, (that is, not bent by the knee) from the moment of the first contact with the ground until it is in an upright position. The distances for this type of test is 10 km., 20 km. and 50 km.
Combined tests
The combined test consists in the execution of different athletic disciplines at the base of a single competition. Among the main combined tests we have
- The triathlon
- The Entathlon
- The heptatlon
- The decathlon
Materials used in speed and street tests
For speed races, the presence of output tacos is mandatory, if possible connected to a false output control system. In addition, the starting posts must indicate the streets or walks attributed to athletes. To approve brands, the IAAF (International Association of Athletics Federations, for its acronym in English) requires an anemometer to measure and record wind speed, and a automatic timing system at the hundredth of second. The typical athlete clothing is made up of a jersey or shirt, a run and racing shoes.
Influential motor capabilities in athletics
- Strength
- Speed
- Flexibility
- Endurance
Segmental divisions of our body
It is a system that was created by DR. Hatze, 1980 and contains the segments of the SC-16 but is added due to great mobility in the shoulder complex another two segments right shoulder and left shoulder. See Figure 4
- NUGA HEAD (CN)
- Upper trunk (TS)
- Middle trunk (TM)
- Lower trunk (Ti)
- Arm x 2 (BR)
- Annargy x 2 (AB)
- Hand x 2 (ma)
- Thigh x 2 (mu)
- Leg x 2 (P)
- Foot x 2 (pi)
- Shoulder X2 (H)
This system is very useful in kinematic studies and computational inertial models where the 18 segments or a group of them interact but especially when the actions are very particular of the upper train of the human body. These 18 segments are assumed as a series of geometric solids that can be calculated with computer means. Athletics speed races refers to very short foot races and that consist of running as quickly as possible in a certain distance. They are tests that are usually disputed on covered track or outdoor track.
Athletes must have a high reaction speed, they must develop the speed resistance, rhythm, the resistance of the racing rhythm, the strength, flexibility, technique and coordination. The main characteristics of an efficient style for speed races include a good rise of knees, arms free movements and an angle of body penetration of about 25 degrees. Runners can use different strategies during races.
Biotype of sprinter athletes
The sprinters are clearly differentiated from the resistance athletes, it is enough to look at their morphic meso bodies of great muscle weight, large bones, with a low and narrow waist, are characteristics that easily jump in sight, with a low percentage of body fat;Usually to stay thus they eat a well -balanced diet, they perform a high intensity force training mixture, and in turn cardiovascular training, additionally weight training is essential in the training of a sprinter, since it allows them to generate explosive energyand fat burning.
The sprinters tend to be very well developed at the top of the back since this biotype helps them stay in balance with respect to the ground while they make their short races, they have a lumbar area with a good arch, they have the thinner legs andRelatively close hips have a high percentage of rapid contraction fibers (more than 80%).
Typically the best sprinters are of oriental African origin, of varied statures, it has been seen that size is really not a rule to be better or worse sprinter, what has been seen is that athletes that are high should take great care of their exit becauseAcceleration is difficult for them, Bolt is one of these examples, it is not quick to come out but it is very very powerful, but as any height has been said in a well -worked sprinter does not make a difference.
Parts to the dominant body in athletics tests
The dominant parts in the tests are mainly the muscles since it has two fundamental functions that are: the regulation of postures and dynamic function.
The main muscle involved in the races are:
- Abdominal and lumbar
- Buttocks
- The Twins
- The quadriceps
- Phases and gestures of athletes.
- Triple jump phases
- Low output phases
- High jump phase
- Career phase
conclusion
Finally, athletics is a discipline that is linked to effort, which tests the performance and conditions of the athlete, athletics is more than a sport, it is a meaning, a story, a passion, it is a recognition for what whichSo much is practiced and working day after day for a better performance, it is a discipline that deals with constancy, training and dedication, and it is so that these athletes manage to have so many results, it is thanks to their work for what they love and for thatthat passionate so much, thus achieving recognition.
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