The fall of the Nations Society
Introduction
The main objective is to analyze and identify what were the main causes so that from the Nations Society it came to failure. Starting from how this international body emerged, the problems that arose within this society, what were the international repercussions that were given and the actors involved in these problems. It is expected to find an answer to the following questions: why do I not consider several countries to be part of this organism? Was this reason relevant to the failure of this international organism?
The Nations Society I do not consider some countries due to alliances or possible analyzes made during World War I. It would indicate that the ruling of the Nations Society was due to the expulsion and not consideration of several countries. Likewise, the problems of the instability of this organization. To answer the previous questions, an approach will be used in the theory of idealism and a research analysis by collecting information through various sources in books, websites and digital magazines related to the subject.
Developing
Beginnings of the Nations Society
The first idea of an international organization that knew how to guarantee the peace and well -being of each individual, has a history of the work on perpetual peace where a treaty was proposed to find a world structure and the protection of peace by states. And it is until January 1918, when President Thomas Woodrow Wilson presented to the US Congress the creation of an international society as one of its fourteen points to achieve peace and justice. In which he expressed: a general association of nations, under special agreements, must be formed, in order to offer reciprocal guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity both to large states and the children.
Once the First World War is completed, the president of the United States continued in front of the Paz Conference of Paris the creation of an international institution. In July 1919 the proposal was accepted, granting the commission to Woodrow Wilson to write the statutes. The final proposal was approved and included in the first chapter of the Versailles Treaty with 26 articles. The issues to be addressed were about the process to follow for the entry of a State to the organization, the structure of the institution being exercised by a general assembly and a council, the military commissions, the guarantee of political independence, theStrategies to sanction members, and international cooperation in humanitarian projects.
The Pact of the Nations Society was signed by a total of 32 countries, despite the United States did not ratify the treaty without joining the Nations Society, this due to the opposition of the US Senate. Some of the countries excluded at the beginning of the organization were subsequently incorporated: Australia, Kingdom of Bulgaria, Costa Rica, Finland in 1920, Ethiopian Empire, Ireland and the Dominican Republic in 1923, Mexico, Iraq and Turkey in 1932, Soviet Union in 1934 andGermany in 1926 through the Treaty of Locarno, pointing out that it should meet the conditions granted by the organization. Being an important step for the Society of Nations because it marked the beginning of peace between Germany, Belgium, France, Great Britain and Italy. The Treaty of Locarno guaranteed the western border of Germany, that the bordering states of France, Germany and Belgium committed themselves to treating as inviolable. Great Britain and Italy promised to help repel any armed aggression through the border.
The organization showed an organic structure that consisted of a general assembly composed of all members of the SDN, annually holding meetings in order to deal with issues that affect world peace. The Council had a structure of nine members which four of them permanent, granted to: France, Italy, Japan, Great Britain and four non -permanent members who remained rotating, its purpose was to deal with issues that mainly affect the winning powers and theirAllies. The Secretariat acted as coordinator, organizing the sessions of the General Assembly and the Council, as well as the preparing of documents and reports.
Conflicts within the Nations Society
The Nations Society encouraged the reduction of armaments, free trade, intended to eliminate war or any possibility and contributed to international cooperation, although it faced disagreements among its members. Acquiring successes in resolving inconveniences in small countries. The first triumphs of the Nations Society were in the resolution of conflicts between Sweden and Finland due to the sovereignty of the Aland Islands in 1920;The dispute between Germany and Poland for high Silesia and the industrial zone in 1921. While in the presence of a war society functioned as a mediator between the states. The intervention in the Chaco War between Bolivia and Paraguay, the fixed General Assembly that the territorial dispute would be in favor of Bolivia. On the other hand, in the border conflict by Greece by invading Bulgarian territory, society intervenes causing the withdrawal of Greek troops.
However, these conflicts were of less importance because the main powers were not involved. Leaving behind Wilson’s idealistic idea about world peace. One of the most resonant failures was Japanese’s invasion to the territory of Machuaria due to a border confrontation where he involved Japan and China, during the resolution of the problem Japan found himself dissatisfied with the proposals causing his abandonment of the organization in 1933. In that same year Germany was reduced from society due to the disagreement and inequality that existed in the SDN. In 1934 the agency called for a disarmament conference, which the United States also attended. Russia must give up all kinds of weapons, Great Britain setting an identical level of weapons;
Italy’s attack on Ethiopia’s territory was intended to expand its colonies due to the resources that belonged to this State, due to the proposals and intervention of the Italian organization, I made the decision to abandon the Nations Society in the year of 1936. While in the Government of the Spanish Republic they were in the Civil War due to the struggle between fascism and communism where some countries such as Italy, Germany and the Soviet Union intervened. The USSR remains as defender of anti -fascism against the reluctance of Western countries to support republican experience
Repercussions on nations society
Challenge the pacifist and idealist postulates of the Nations Society led to expose it to a soon failure. Being at the end in the thirties the most complicated period for the Society of Nations with the invasion of Germany to Poland in September 1939, which explodes in World War II using self-determination. In invading Poland, Britain and France declare war on Germany. On the other hand, there is the expulsion of the Soviet Union in 1939, when Finland invaded and occupied Estonia and Lithuania. During these events, the Nations Society was maintained with a personal minimum and activities of help for refugees and workers.
conclusion
Being the last official act of the international organization was the expulsion of the Soviet Union in 1939 when armed troops invaded Finlandia. With a world economic crisis and the rise of fascism and communism and less of nationalism. After World War II in 1946, the remaining members of the Nations Society unanimously voted their dissolution and incorporated into the United Nations.
The failure of the Nations Society was due to the great indifference of the main powers, preferring to omit the resolution of conflicts seeking their own interest. Likewise, the inefficiency of idealistic diplomacy as a universal political sphere to resolve conflicts between states. He lacked instruments to make collective security effective.
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