The Difference Between Self – Esteem And Self-

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The difference between self – esteem and self-concept

Introduction

self – esteem is one of the oldest concepts in psychology, classifying it among the three main covariables in personality and psychology. As of 2003, it was the subject of more than 18,000 studies, published on the Network, and by 2019, that number had increased to more than 25,000 publications (according to the EBSCO database). self – esteem, as a psychic experience, has accompanied the human being since its inception. However, the psychological construct has just fulfilled just over a century. "It was William James, who at the end of the nineteenth century in his work the principles of psychology, studied the unfolding of our" I-Global "in a" Yo-Knowing I "and a" Yo-Knowing I "know". According to James, of this unfolding, of which we are all aware to a greater or lesser extent, self – esteem is born … ”(Triglia, 2019).

The quality of life is a valuation concept that must be addressed from a multidisciplinary paradigm, and is associated with the perception of well -being of the individual in its physical, psychic and social integrity (Amador and Esteban, 2015). self – esteem and self-concept can be considered cognitive, evaluative and affective indices that the individual makes of himself (Goñi and Fernández, 2008). self – esteem, as an assessment of oneself, implies a process of analysis and introspection on their own feelings, about the characteristics that define the person, and about the abilities and achievements;That is, it is understood as the set of perceptions and evaluations that, although they are directed towards oneself, contain the point of view of others, which influences the way of being, of acting in the world and of relating to theothers (Enrique and Muñoz, 2014).

The importance of self-concept lies in its relevant contribution to personality training, since it has to do with social competence, since it influences the person in how he feels, how he thinks, how he learns, how it is valued, how it relates toThe others and, ultimately, how it behaves (Clemes and Bean, 1996; Clark, Clemes and Bean, 2000). As the years go by, an increasingly stable self-concept is forming and with greater capacity to direct our behavior. It should be noted that self – esteem is not fixed. It is malleable and measurable, which means that we can estimate and improve it. This document validates such a statement, when critically evaluating four recent studies that pondered self-concept measures in different age groups of the population. The objectives of our study, in general, are the following: (1) Offer a synthetic vision while needing self – esteem or self-concept;(2) Reflect on the need to understand that self-concept is a hierarchical and multidimensional construct.

Developing

self – esteem is the evaluation perception of ourselves. The development of self – esteem during childhood and adolescence depends on a wide variety of intra -individual and social factors. Based on the fact that body image is a complex construct, which includes perceptions of the body (perceptual component), attitudes, feelings and thoughts (cognitive-affective component), as well as the behaviors derived from them (behavioral component) (dance,2003; Thompson, Heinberg et al., 1999), a group of researchers from the University of La Mancha in Spain proposed to measure through the research between body image and physical self-concept in adolescent women the differences between the different subdomains of physical self-concept, based on body dissatisfaction andBody mass index (BMI). A sample of 447 Spanish adolescents, from 12 to 17 years old, participated in this study and were given the physical self-concept questionnaire (CAF), the bodily form (BSQ) questionnaire and the Gardner scale for the evaluation of body image. Confirming both the hypothesis, as well as the theoretical background, the results indicate that greater body dissatisfaction and a higher BMI were associated with worse physical perceptions, especially in relation to the appearance and a more devalued self-concept. In conclusion, the importance of a healthy body image stands out, since it configures the own and general concept in adolescent women. Adolescence is precisely one of the most critical periods, since in these ages are the greatest rates of concern for the body (Hermes & Keel, 2003), especially in women. The results obtained alert about the need to carry out actions in the school environment, especially preventive. Among the limitations found in the social experiment, the low number of participants in some study groups stands out, given the need to classify the sample in different categories within each independent variable. Therefore, it is recommended to increase the sample, especially in the least numerous categories. Without forgetting that human development does not end in adolescence.

We are all aging. It is a fact that we cannot escape. From the moment of conception we began to aging progressively. The growth of the population of the elderly and life expectancy worldwide, the attitudes towards the elderly have changed. Meanwhile, field studies, such as the one we review, can help improve the mental health of a growing elderly population. Members of the Faculty of Psychology of the Universities of Almería and Barcelona were given the task of empirically confirming the corollary that establishes that the physical activity carried out in a regular basis prevents the gradual development of the physical and functional limitations in the elderly (Gómez,2012). His study of health, self – esteem and physical self-concept in major persons based on his physical activity aimslevel of physical activity practice that they perform. To do this, 130 participants between 63 and 75 were classified into two groups, physically active persons and physically inactive persons, depending on the level of physical activity they do;Everyone was applied to Rosenberg’s Self-Eastem Scale. The results show the positive relationship that is established between being a physically active person and the best levels in self – esteem, physical condition and perceived competition. In addition, it is determined that the physical and emotional role that people play in daily routines are proportionally direct to perceived competition and physical appearance. It has been shown that even the brain in aging can be receptive to neuronal and cognitive plasticity when adequate physical training is performed (Rahe et al., 2015). When individuals remain physically active, they present better levels of acceptance and assessment of themselves, in relation to those individuals who are physically inactive or sedentary. The results corroborate the theoretical approaches on the active aging process that postulate the need to perform physical activity to maintain an adequate state of health, and with it, a positive quality of life. It is never too late to start having healthy lifestyle.

The coping of the diagnosis of breast cancer and the use of different strategies is key to overcoming this stressful situation. Various psychological variables are related to how to face the disease, highlighting among them self – esteem. Martínez Brito and others in 2014 conducted a study on self – esteem and coping styles in women with breast cancer, with the aim of determining the levels of self – esteem and coping styles present in women with breast cancer of the Popular Council Jaruco Jaruco, developing a descriptive, cross -sectional study, in the period from September 2013 to March 2014. A sample of 30 women suffering from breast cancer was selected, Coopersmith’s self – esteem inventory was applied and the Lazarus and Folkman coping modes. The variables used were: self – esteem and coping styles. The results reflect that most of the sample presented age greater than 70 years, a time of evolution of the disease prevails over 5 years, with mixed treatments, where self – esteem behaves between low and medium levels whose coping style tends toemotional stress. Reaching the conclusions that self – esteem in women with breast cancer is affected and the predominate coping style is the centered on emotion where self – esteem levels and coping styles have a significant relationship. “From the physical point of view, the mother represents for women an organ of attraction and sexual identification. The slightest suspicion of mutilation brings infinite psychological alterations … ”(González Aranda, 2018).

At present, the media, especially television, cinema and advertising transmit certain beauty stereotypes and canons that cause in the child the consolidation of preconceived ideas regarding their physical appearance, leading them to worry excessively about their imagebodily since, according to Sepúlveda, to. R. et al. (2001), the fact of being attractive in the eyes of other children promotes acceptance in certain social groups, and on the contrary, not being within the "aesthetic beauty canons", can lead to exclusion or notAcceptance in certain sets. Pre -adolescence is a stage of the human being that is experienced between 9 and 13 years of life, and it is the stage in which the child begins to prepare to enter adolescence. It is a period that has more to do with the social than with the physical (Morgan, Saunders and Lubans, 2012). Consequently, a group of social scientists from the University of Granada in Spain led the study development of body image, self – esteem and physical self-concept at the end of primary education proposing to analyze the relationship between satisfaction with body image, self – esteem and self – esteem andThe physical self-concept of the preteen students of the Motril-Costa Educational Zone of the Province of Granada, expressed by the students and perceived by the teachers, in order to improve the educational quality. The participants were 310 students, 5th and 6th of Primary Education, and 22 active teachers, from the Motril-Costa Educational Zone (Spain). As quantitative techniques, they were used: the body silhouette questionnaire, physical self-concept questionnaire and the Rosenberg self – esteem scale. As a qualitative technique, the semi -structured interview was used. The results show that the image they have and that they would like to have differs. It is also appreciated that boys have a higher level of self – esteem. It is the girls who consider themselves less skilled to perform physical activity and enjoy to a lesser extent of these activities. The study results show that both body image and self – esteem are two multidimensional constructs that have direct involvement on the individual and their sociocultural environment (Rees, et al., 2013). The self-concept is developing to the extent that the child is valued, estimated and considered capable and competent. In conclusion, there are scientific evidence that certifies that high levels of body satisfaction favor the development of positive self – esteem. Body image as a dynamic concept in pre -adolescence, needs a specific physical education program. It should be noted that extracurricular sports practice as a healthy habit, practiced from childhood, protects the student from problems in the configuration of adequate self-concept.

conclusion

self – esteem is one of the most complex psychological concepts and one of the most difficult to specify, despite being a factor that has always been present in any attempt to explanation of normal and pathological human behavior. The objective is not to finish this work with a series of closed conclusions, but to reflect on what they learned. Despite the popular belief that self – esteem plays a causal role in a wide range of positive and negative social behaviors, research shows that it actually predicts very little beyond the mood and some types of initiative. The results around social and physical self-concept are not so consistent. The four articles cited show without a doubt that scientific literature provides contradictory results when measures are multidimensional.

While there is still much to learn about self – esteem, at least we have begun to understand what self – esteem is and how it differs from other similar constructions. self – esteem is not self-concept, although self – esteem can be part of it. self-concept is the perception we have of ourselves, our answer when we ask ourselves the question ‘Who am I?’It is knowing about the trends, thoughts, preferences, habits, hobbies, skills and areas of weakness. In a nutshell, the awareness of who we are is our concept of ourselves.

So, based on multifunctional research, such as those described by our review, we have learned that there are many ways in which therapy and advice can help customers improve their self – esteem. If done correctly, therapy can be an excellent method to improve patient’s self – esteem. According to the literature consulted, focusing on problem solving is more favorable than doing it in emotions and is associated with less psychological discomfort. Finally, we must point out that self – esteem is acquired throughout the subject’s life, in contact with others, and that, therefore, it is something that can be changed and will change throughout our lives. Do not give up is the first step to achieve it.

References 

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