The cell cycle, genetic for children
Introduction
In genetics for children the cell cycle, we will try to explain in a pleasant and simple way the mechanism of reproduction of cells. In fact, one of the tasks of cells is to multiply to perpetuate cell lines. In addition, we talk about cycle because at the end of the process the cell must be at the starting point. How and when this information is transmitted is what studies cell biology. It is also not only responsible for analyzing the phases that take place during cell reproduction but also the alterations or mutations that occur during the development of said process.
But what exactly is the cell cycle? Genetics for children: Definition of the cell cycle We can say that it is a cell cycle are the series of processes that, in an orderly manner, lead to the renewal of cells. In other words, it is the ability of cells to reproduce and originate two copies equal to the original. During the cell cycle a series of phases that are developed in two stages take place;one that we call interface (state of non -division) and phase M (division status).
Developing
The process begins at the time when, after reproduction, a new cell is formed and culminates when two daughter cells leads. To do this, you must copy your genetic material, that is, you must have twice as chromosomes to be able to transmit a complete game to each daughter cell. This phase is divided into 3 stages: G0 / G1, S and G2G0 / G1 is the initial stage. The cell begins to synthesize RNA and proteins, and to duplicate its organelles, specifically the centers. At the moment it has folded both its mass and its size. At the end of this phase there is a point of no return, restriction point R, and the interface can no longer stop.
At this point, the cell replicates its DNA as well as chromosomal proteins, histones. However, there is still no cell division. During G2 everything has to be ready to go into division. It is precedent by a period in which the cell cycle control mechanisms ensure that DNA duplication has been carried out correctly. The synthesis of RNA and proteins continues and the nuclear membrane begins to be destabilized and a structure called acromatic spindle is forming.
At this time the cell is already ready to move on to the next stage: Phase M Source: It is.Slideshare.Net Cell cycle: Phase M, as we were saying, m is the stage in which the cell division itself is produced. It can be mitosis, if it gives rise to two daughter cells equal to the parent, or meiosis if, on the other hand, it gives rise to 4 germ cells. The choice between these processes will determine the end of the cell cycle.
Basically, this M phase includes two stages: mitosis and cytokinesis. Mitosis During the development of this phase there are a series of characteristics among which we can highlight: the division of the nucleus, called cariocinesis, and the subsequent distribution of chromosomes between the two daughter cells. It is a continuous process divided into 4 periods: Profase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. Guarantees the conservation of hereditary material during the equitable distribution of chromosomes are genetically identical to each other and the stem cell. This stage overlaps with anaphase, therefore, the division of the nucleus and cytoplasm occurs practically at the same time.
In animal cells this process is carried out by strangulation of the equatorial zone of the stem cell. On the other hand, in plant cells a separation septum is formed, called Framoplasto, which divides the original cell into two units. But what happens if the cell opts for the path of meiosis? To tell the truth, this process only takes place when the body is interested in generating germ cells.
conclusion
In fact, these cells have half of chromosomes that a normal cell of the organism, since they are the cells involved in reproduction. Obviously, meiosis, it is a more complex reduction process than mitosis. But we can define it as two mythosis in a row to obtain 4 diverse cells other than the stem cell, since each half of chromosomes that this. Such a way that the result is slightly different from those of the original cell.
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