The art of impressionism
Introduction
The nineteenth century opens the doors to modern art in all its forms. The painting was no exception. Motivated by the multiple revolutions of the time, artists abandon academic security for the experimentation of new strokes, approaches and colors disposal. Light, pure or clear, become the protagonist of impressionist painting, thus called the new style. Impressionism makes the landscape and the portrait of presenting forms and colors affected by the light. Blacks and dark tones disappear, shadows are complementary colors that suggest depth.
Developing
It is not an unfocused art, it is an art to be appreciated from afar, where the “unconnected” strokes are part of a fascinating whole. What is impressionist painting? Impressionist painting or simply impressionism is the style of art created in France in the second half of the 19th century. It represents modern art, it stands against the rigid precepts of a abolished but predominant royal academy of painting and sculpture. The freestyle discovers new ways of expressing reality, unconventional forms and hard in the time. Is led by a group of artists who go to their private workshops to paint what they want to see.
Painters who come out outdoors to capture the moment of light in the landscape. Art is not admitted to the French society of the nineteenth century, but it takes place through independent exhibitions. Activities organized with the help of a few and the perseverance of the increasingly fruitful impressionist artists. The name impressionism was given pejoratively by art critic Louis Leroy. He called the movement like this in attention to Claude Monet’s picture entitled: Printing, Rising Sun, painted in 1872. Leroy considered the paintings exhibited until then a cluster of unfinished works. Attitude refuted by other connoisseurs of art, writers and galleries directors.
What are their characteristics? Impressionist painting is characterized by the projection of light, natural or artificial, it is its starting point. Effect that stands out for the low use of black and the disposition of primary and secondary, pure, saturated and soft colors. The shadows were achieved with complementary colors that, like chiaroscuro, gave the feeling of depth. Free strokes, thick and short brushstrokes, apparently unconnected, but part of a luminous and vibrant whole. Later it was known as gestalt brushstroke. Authentic frames and forms. Impressionism breaks with the classic, uses high or low perspectives as opposed to front framing.
It is a broken paint at short view, it is made to be appreciated at a distance, where the forms become more clear, understandable. Expresses the impression that the painter of color and light has, rather than the perceived chromatic truth. Extreme naturalism. The impressionist painting stands out for the purity, naturalness of the forms, suggestion of the contours and dynamics of the landscapes. Immediacy. People were recurring in the paintings, but more the landscapes, with predominance of the Parisians. Paris panoramas were painted again and again at different times of the day, reviewing the variation of lights and colors, visual printing.
What are the stages of impressionist painting? Impressionist painting arises in an era of abrupt changes, revolutions: industrial and French, empires, reforms, the advance of science. All this contributed significantly to the development of the new art. In 1839 the French chemist Eugène Chevreul published "the principle of harmony and the contrast of colors and their application to the arts". Book that presents for the first time theories about the optical mixture. He cites concepts and examples that fell into the impressionists and were visibly applied in their works. But this was just one of the influential innovations, there was also the creation of pigments that offered purity and colors quality.
Unlike other styles, the impressionist had a short story that develops in at least three stages: high school, flowering and closing. They are equated with their motives, light, space and instant. It begins in 1860 with the revelation of artists against academy. By 1869 they already knew each other and begin to meet and find common forms of expression. They dispense with the dark shadows and adopt the color in the peripheries, make free, loose, fragmented brushstrokes. Light and its impact on shapes and their colors is the center of attention. Between 1870 and 1871 the void on the throne of Spain generates the Franco-Prussian war, the artists separate and some of them die in front.
Once the crisis begins the period of flowering of impressionist art, painters, sculptors and recorders are organized. They celebrate their first exhibition in 1874, without more success than the union of artists. Illusionism and the study of light were not enough to like in the halls, if to persevere in an art that would generate impact. Until 1879 the collective exhibitions did not manage to gather the desired visits. However, art quickly extended to other regions of Europe for its practicality. The authors could present variants, devote themselves to the art of study, indoors;or transmit the atmosphere and local color, outdoors.
All transcribed the nature of color. However, they decide to dissolve the movement at the end of the `70 and dedicate themselves independently. This would be the end of impressionism, as far as painting is concerned. What was French impressionist painting? Anti -academic. It focuses on the picturesque, the portrait, landscape, costumbrismo, daily scenes, reflection of what surrounds the painter. Inconsequential themes at a time when religious, mythological, historical and political paintings were highly demanded. The framing, similar to the photographic, escapes the geometric balance. In addition the paintings were made in portable formats, with measures according to the galleries.
They were the places where they were exposed for sale. The city of Paris- its future- is a recurring reason, the greatest number of impressionist artists were grouped together. Nature, the field, is another issue developed, especially for its acceptance in bourgeois society. The bourgeois life, homemade dynamics, its recreational activities, dances, traditions and walks in the parks, they were also. Impressionism worked portraits and lifes, already known in other styles, this time presented under their techniques. It is an art of colors and correct use of light, captures the fleeting moment, from there its rapid and rough brushstrokes.
Outdoors so that details are not escaped. The color palette is used but mixed directly on the canvas until those tones that the retina perceive, no exact tones. The brushstroke responds to the moment to be captured, also to technique and paint used. The impressionists even made oil more liquid for the ease of strokes. What was the Spanish impressionist painting? The arrival of impressionism in Spain is inaccurate, because they are known techniques and uses in the country from before. In fact, Spanish painting was of great influence for French impressionism, inspired by the gray and brown tones used by Velásquez and other exponents.
For the mid -nineteenth century Spain already works landscape painting due to Belgian artists. But it is until approximately 1886 when Spanish painters begin to show purely impressionist features, after knowing the style in Paris and Brussels. Impressionist painting is clearly defined by the new nuances of light and color that are imposed on realism practiced during the century. The perception of art was such that it is given the name of Luminista, distinguishing regions such as Valencia and calling its Valencian luminism style. The Spanish impressionist painting also captures everyday scenes, the customs of people outdoors and in the intimacy of their homes.
Welcomes beaches as landscapes. It is basically regionalist, presents characteristics of each painter and region. There is realism and drama in their paintings. What was Russian impressionist painting? Impressionism is timidly appreciated in Russia from 1870, when their techniques were used along with those of realism, style that preceded him. More quickly made space to show their particular mills. The last decades of the nineteenth and the first of the twentieth century, painters give up the doctrine of the Enlightenment, capture light and movement. Modernity symbols that are accompanied by Russia’s own traditions.
The style of art lives in this nation thanks to the interest generated by the exhibitions of Eduard Manet and Claude Monet, among other French artists. Also thanks to the scholarships granted to the Russians to study painting in France. What was Impressionist painting in Italy? In Florencia, Italy, painters are interested in small formats, pairs and elongated paintings, realistic paints made outdoors. They move away from romanticism. Manches, as they are called since 1862, develop in their paintings color and optics, chromatic contrasts and light. They use the pictorial technique of oil on wood, typical of other periods in history.
They portray the bourgeoisie, increasing class by then. Portraits that differ from those dictated by the Academy, for capturing the spontaneity of the character. Before the Italian impressionist painting exhibited patriotism and landscapes, mainly from the Toscana region. What was Belgian impressionist painting? The Belgian painting adopted late the impressionist style, did it through the Les XX group, created by the painter Isidor Verheyden. Belgium had renowned flamenco painters that could be made of their own art in the recent kingdom, but could more interest in the new French art. Group members of the twenties are not only attracted to the innovative trend, they acquire works of impressionists.
The painter Anna Bosch acquired in 1890 "The red vineyard", one of the three paintings that Van Gogh sold before he died. The purchase of the specimens opens the path to the practice of style with all its range of techniques and colors. What are the main painters and impressionist works? Claude Monet. His work impression, a rising sun, painted in 1872, gave name to the artistic movement.Edouard Manet. Pinta: A Parisian or Woman With Coffee Hat, in 1863. Manet is considered the greatest precursor of impressionist painting.
conclusion
Pierre Auguste Renoir. The Parisian, achieved in 1874, was one of the first impressionist works exhibited by French. Edgar Degas. Known for her dancers painted indoors with the help of artificial light. Among his works is the end of Arabesque, with the dancer Rosita Mauri, painted in 1877. Eugéne Boudin. He was Monet’s teacher. Characterized by painting outdoors. It stands out among its paintings: Truville, achieved in 1864. Camille Pissarro. It is one of the parents of impressionism. The painting of the Castañeros de Osny, the work of the year 1873 is known.
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