The abstract art and artistic trajectory of Wassily Kandinsky
Introduction
Abstract art is undoubtedly a form of artistic expression with a high degree of controversy, precisely because it is an art form that can be difficult to appreciate and understand for our lack of knowledge about it.
In this work I will analyze the concept of abstraction in different aspects, I will make a brief tour of the origins and different stages of abstract art, I will comment on some painters who have influenced this art and deepen the artistic trajectory of Wassily Kandinsky, considered the father of abstraction.
Art is a mode of expression that encompasses all creations made by the human being to express a sensitive vision of the world, man or self, whether real or imaginary.Through plastic, linguistic or sound resources, art can express ideas, emotions, perceptions and sensations. Although it is currently considered that any meaningless artistic manifestation can be considered abstract art, it has a great study and a great final objective. Therefore, I will address abstract art so that it can be understood and appreciated by the vast majority and coming to understand that abstract art are not meaningless forms embodied in a canvas, but that corporate within the work has a specific objective.
Abstract art
The idea of abstraction is related to abstract, that is, considering in isolation the essential qualities of an object or the same object in its pure essence or notion according to the SAR. In the philosophical aspect, the abstraction process is to isolate a quality of something without analyzing other qualities and thus be able to study that quality in depth.Art is considered to be art that does not want to faithfully reproduce reality, but focuses on the form, colors and structure of the work. Abstraction allows you to separate objects in parts to achieve the essence of each of them.
Since prehistory, there has been abstract art, there is also in other cultures such as Chinese culture with calligraphy. In the Renaissance it was thought that the value of a work of art dispensed with similarity to reality and it was not until impressionism when this thought was left behind. Abstract art as we know appears in 1910, as a result of synthesizing Fauvism, Cubism and Futurism. In its origins, abstract art was not considered art but over time it has become a great source of ideas and for almost everyone is considered art. Before continuing, it is important to define what is understood by art. Art can be considered any object for an aesthetic or communicative purpose, with the objective of expressing some idea, emotion or particular vision of the world.
It is usually said that abstract art is an art far from reality, which can be light, partial or complete. A work in which color and shape is mixed can be considered a partially a work, if it is not possible to recognize any layout, nothing can be recognized and mixed, a completely abstract or pure work can be considered in abstraction.
Types
There are different types of abstract art:
- Abstract Expressionism: It completely rejects figuration and is based on the color and psychology of the artist.
- Neoplasticism: eliminates emotions, it is a mathematical and geometric art.
- Constructivism: incorporates the concepts of space and time with the objective of achieving more dynamic works
- Informalism: It is a non -geometric art, tries to change the painting and assumes the color comomateria and subject of the painting
- Lyric abstractionism: its principles are calm, stillness, balance and harmony.
Among the most important abstract painters, we could highlight:
- Robert Delaunay (1885-1941): Cubist author who ended up being an abstract painter and dedicated himself to the study of color and light. "Light in nature creates the colored movement"
- Piet Mondrian (1872-1944): It is characterized by using only horizontal, vertical and primary colors, adding white, black and gray. This new style calls us plasticism. Piet Mondrian wrote the book "Natural reality and abstract reality" that in my opinion expresses well the relationship between the natural and the abstract. “Formerly, where one lived more in contact with nature, abstraction was easy, unconsciously. Now, in our denatured age, abstraction becomes an effort."
- Malevich (1879-1935): His works are characterized by using geometric elements even reaching the point where the only geometric element is the picture, it also has a limited use of colors until it gets to use only white and black. This style is called suprematism. “For me it became evident that new frames had to be created for paint in pure colors, built by demand for colors; And, secondly, that color should abandon the pictorial mixture and become an independent factor, which is incorporated into construction as an individual of a collective system and individual independence ”
- Vladimir Tatlin (1885-1953): created constructivism, performing abstract sculptures with reused industrial materials. The counter-relations of it are based on the study of materials to create geometric shapes that move away from reality using materials that do not have great economic value.
Wassily Kandinsky (1866-1944)
If we talk about abstract art, it is essential that we talk about Wassily Kandinsky, considered the founding father of abstraction. Kandinsky was born in 1866 in Moscow, at first, Kandinsky did not dedicate himself to art but studied law and economy at the Faculty of Laws. In 1896, he began his artistic career due to different triggers that he himself tells in his book "Retrospective look", one of these detainees can be the day that in a convention of impressionist painters saw a monet picture that was not possible to completely distinguish the forms And just that was what attracted special attention to Kandinsky. According to Kandinsky, an important experience in his life was his visit to the houses of Vologda, “those houses taught me to move within the painting, the objects were painted and adorned with motley colors."
Stages in Kandinsky’s trajectory
Kandinsky’s goal was to reach the absolute and express the spiritual dimension. Kandinsky’s trajectory can be divided into three stages.
First stage: His first stage is based on mostly painting landscapes, with which he begins to work with color, characterized by using very vivid, intense colors and with a lot of contrast between them. At this stage he begins to appreciate how some parts of the painting begin to be diluted and begin to be mixed with parts that are faithful to reality. Some of the paintings that Kandinsky Pinto at this stage can be "The Red Wall".
The evidence that Kandinsky made and the accumulated notes of him for more than ten years gave rise to his book "of the spiritual in art", the book is divided into seven chapters:
- Chapter 1 (Movement): In this chapter, he compares spiritual life with a triangle
- Chapter 2 (Change of a spiritual course)
- Chapter 3 (The Pyramid)
- Chapter 4 (The effects of color): In this chapter, he exposes the different sensations produced by the different colors. For him everything works together as a piano who should make the soul vibrate
- Chapter 5 (Language of shapes and colors): Talk about the evolution of painting towards abstract art using only color and shape
- Chapter 6 (Theory): The important thing is that the painter not only works visual meaning but also need to cultivate his soul
- Chapter 7 (The work of art and the artist) “Color is a power that directly influence Elalma. The color is a keyboard, the eyes are a hammer, the soul is a chain. The artist is the hand that plays, touching one key or another, to cause vibrations in the soul ”for Kandinsky the color and music were the direct door to the soul and one of its objectives was to make the painting reach the same expressive level as music.
Second stage: In the second stage, Kandinsky returns to Russia due to World War II, during this time he performs figurative works but not convinced, returns to abstract art, in his art every time the recognizable objects were disappearing until he reached the point where not any object could be recognized in the work. It is said that in 1910 he made the first totally abstract work, linked to his participation in Der Blaue Reiter (the blue rider), an artistic initiative created by the expressionist painter Franz Marc and Kandinsky, in 1913 he created his great composition with the aim of vibrating The spectator’s soul "for years Anduve in search of the possibility of taking the viewer to walk inside the painting, for forcing him to melt with the painting by forgetting himself".Third stage: In his third stage, he returns to Germany again, where he works as an art professor at Bauhaus and publishes one of his most important books ”Point and line on the plane”, a book that talks about the point as the smallest form, of the line as the moving point and of the plane as the surface destined for the work, in addition to this book Kandinsky establishes a relationship between the colors and the plans. His mission is not to reproduce reality, but is of spiritual type. "As the soul is closely linked to the body, any emotion can always cause, by association, another that corresponds to it". "All means are sacred, if they are internally necessary. They are all bad, if they do not come from the inner need ”.
Kandinsky Composition VIII (1923)
Kandinsky’s main objective was to express the inner essence, and through painting, vibrate and vibrate the viewer, without things that distract the viewer, these distractions for Kandinsky were the objects faithful to reality, so he narrates in an experience in an experience That it happened during his expressionist stage, Kandinsky says that one night he saw a picture in a study with a bad set that prevented him from recognizing the things represented and that was just what passionate him ”that mysterious picture on which he saw only forms And colors and whose theme was incomprehensible … that attracted me, the object harmed my paintings ”. In his final stage, Kandinsky completely eliminates all similarities to reality since as he said "the object harmed my paintings".
conclusion
After having seen this work, it can be concluded that art tries to reproduce an aesthetic beauty assimilating to reality, but abstract art does not try to reproduce an aesthetic beauty, but that it goes beyond aesthetics to reach the point that when seeing the work is not your eyes that perceive the purpose of the work but it is the soul and the spirit that feel the work. Abstract works should not be understood, since they express feelings, emotions, passions that would be impossible to capture in a realistic work, but instead the abstract art allows you to capture these sensations and if we stop to appreciate the works of the abstract painters we can appreciate Some feeling that the painter wanted to express in his work that it can be understood only if you do not try to seek a similarity with reality. Art is an activity of vital importance for man and must transcend the moment of creation and be universal.
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