Terrorism in Latin America
The world has been developed through different types of transitions, social, political, cultural evolution, etc. It has been highlighting and taking relevance when passing year after year, this being what has led us to the world as we live in the present time.
On the other hand, social sciences tell us about all these times and important moments, where the world has been changing, so that due to the topic that I want to expose, there are two keywords: globalization and terrorism.
When observing globalization and terrorism, such different conclusions can be reached, as manifested in the reviews of some articles on the subject, but in general we have not been able to understand the meaning of these phenomena, their origins, their career,And the real great detail that is where it comes from.
To even more understand these concepts, we must go to the times of the 16th century, at which time the contemporary world made a great leap in what corresponds economy and forms of government of capitalist origin;We can also talk about the French Revolution of 1789, as the great world event that was the great social explosion with the concept of liberalism as its great base and many other events that were the pavement to change towards a new globalization on a large scale.
Therefore and with these data mentioned above, we can understand a little more the core of why over time the capitalist states and governments do not compatible together with the liberal-social concept that many societies come to take.
Next, the concept of the main theme will be analyzed, but of the national perspective and making a parallel with what has happened in other Latin American countries.
Terrorism is one of the worst acts at the level of human and socio -political being that can be committed. Initially in the seventies and eighties, a majority of Latin American countries were governed by military dictatorships, where violation towards human rights by uniformed stands out as the worst act that was carried out during this practice. During the course of these times, the concept of “dirty war’ ’was born where criminal policies were structured under the command of state agents and parastatal groups. So, it is precisely that in political contexts like these, horrible consequences were appreciated thanks to decisions from the power of State to the human rights of many people throughout Latin America.
Operation Condor: The Chilean and Latin American Dirty War
The Condor Plan was a secret network of state repression and terrorism formed by the security services of Chile, Brazil, Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay in the 1970s, active and constantly advised by the American Intelligence Central (CIA).
In relation to this, we can talk about how the so -called “Plan Condor’ ’was present in Chile.
In the middle of 1975, the Chilean Army General, Augusto Pinochet and his security service, Dina, had Chile under control in a maximum way. More than a thousand people had been tortured and executed by the military. The bodies no longer appeared in the streets as which else, now the military operated secret torture centers in which hundreds of more victims disappeared ", such as the already known Villa Grimaldi, the National Stadium, among others.
Military right -wing governments were also established in Brazil, Uruguay, Bolivia, Paraguay, and a coup d’etat that would occur soon in Argentina.
All the heads of the state of each of these countries held the idea that the Marxist threat and their allies tried as in order to try to reduce their ideals based on social disorder and communist intelligence as an objective of the sabotage of the regime that was being imposed.
Willard. F mentions that:
“[…] To the maintenance of public order and the defense of the constitutional government, a contribution involved […] the control of civil inspirational disturbances, the surveillance and control of the movements of subversives and weapons within those countries and tothrough its borders, and the maintenance of observation and patrol of rural areas to detect and disperse guerrilla movements’ ”.
With this phrase, we can affirm that the thought that the uniformed maintained based on how the opposition vision of theirs, was precisely of provement from the communist and liberal doctrine.
Consequences of uniformed repression.
The crimes committed by the agents of the states that were involved in this plan, and by civilians who worked with the consent of the former, are crimes against humanity, and given that, on our states, members of the Inter -American System and the Universal Systemof human rights protection, certain international obligations are imposed, emanating from conventional and customary legal sources.
In 2005, the launch of the book “Stadium terrorism: prisoners of war in a sports field’ ’by the Chilean author, Pascale Bonnefoy, was a very media connotation.
In this book we find the most complete journalistic research on the National Stadium of Santiago, when it was converted into the largest center for the detention of political prisoners in the history of Chile immediately after the coup d’etat of 1973, providing different testimonies to answer many questions such asWhat really happened with the people who took prey- or kidnapped- and were taken to this sports venue, thus helping us to understand how repression, torture and social violence was in those times in those times.
The most relevant ideas for the development of the book were the different archives and testimonies that the author could take and collect, since at the end of the book he gives us his own reflection, talking directly to the law of what this process meant:
“… The more than 20 testimonies were different reactions… there was a former uniformed man who was immediately obfuscated, he was very angry, and others that were very open, beyond my expectations and many others still very affected still. A person who was survivor of the National Stadium told me that the stadium never returns to the stadium, because it trauma it, has associations of odors, fear, terror and memories of the bodies … It was bad experience for many military also, other defendants did not want to talk todo not harm even more. Some feel that they are being blamed for things in which they did not participate directly, but they are being prosecuted because they were part of the apparatus in general … ’
Of course, stories as raw as these, from torturers and tortured, make us feel, pain and grief, as it happened in those years, showing us what this era meant emotionally for many people who in some way, of theside that were in history, no doubt they would like to erase those memories of their minds.
State terrorism today
As the years go by, new concepts about this doctrine are born from which this essay is treated.
Thoughts based on governments that some countries around the world are exercising a couple of years and decades ago, create different opinions, taking all of us to great debates on this issue.
This is how I address at the beginning of this century, precisely in 2002, where the Inter -American Convention against Terrorism, which is rareorganisms such as the UN and refer to international instruments to specify what are terrorist crimes.
It is for that, that the powers currently under a dictatorial regime such as communist China or the regime in North Korea of Kim Jong-un cannot be called terrorism of states due to the events witnessed in the years 2001 and 2002 byAl Qaeda to the EE.UU and precisely to the conversations of the Inter -American Convention against Terrorism already mentioned, they made the idea of calling these terrorism governments as the word says, they are a little more debated and taken to other diplomatic instances for theirFinal definition.
This new instance of ethical and moral debate established by world order organizations, the Plasma Professor Raúl Cavernali of the Faculty of Legal and Social Sciences of the University of Talca, in his article called “ State terrorism as a violation of theHuman rights. Especially the intervention of state agents ’’ of the year 2013 where and in a few words it tells us that:
“There is no doubt that the concept examined is very difficult apprehension, especially if there is no minimal notion on which you can work.
However, and considering the painful experiences lived in our countries, an obligation becomes a certain elements of judgment that allow to grant an adequate legal qualification to these behaviors.’’.
Reflection
This implies that, currently, patenting a government as a state terrorism is much more complex as well as ethically and legally, encapsulating in protection the idea of popular repression and making it much more difficult to exercise.
In short, I could understand a little more than the capitalist-dictatorial states and governments are more harmful and as many societies become subject to this type of doctrine which does not favor social union and peaceof an entire town.
Another great reflection that I could deduce is that the road becomes more arduous when state agents or groups acting protected by the State and that are favored with broad margins of impunity are involved.
Own and collective questions as if you can qualify these own acts as a terrorist nature?, They were answered and I could conclude that the so -called state terrorism is a concept of difficult precision and particularly used to refer to cases of particular gravity that violate human rights, which regardless of the time, remain in their essence of a great archaic thought anddark, and that does not contribute in anything as much as to the social, cultural, political and economic development of a country, as well as as of the entire world.
Bibliography
- Wall. J. (1980). State terrorism: the doctrine of national security in the southern cone. Federal District, Mexico: New Image S.A
- Bonnefoy. P. (2005). Stadium terrorism: prisoners of war in a sports field. Santiago, Chile: Liberalia
- Cavernali.R. (2013). State terrorism as a violation of human rights. Especially from state agents, 203-236.
Leave feedback