Sustainable development in the oil industry in Venezuela
Sustainable development is a broad term with an approach that contemplates the social, political, economic and environmental impact. Corporate sustainability
"In the oil context, the income obtained from the exploitation of hydrocarbons are inverted contemplating both horizons: to maintain a constant total capital, and ensure that future generations do not pay insurmountable costs of degradation and exhaustion of oil, being a non -renewable resource". Pérez J (2012)
In the 1960s, various calls for attention about the effects of human activities on the environment began to spread in Europe. In Sweden and Denmark it was tried to predict what repercussions on ecosystems could have the development of some productive projects. In the early 70s, the environmental impact evaluation procedure that was introduced in the legal framework was developed in the United States.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT Petroleum
The environmental impact of the oil industry on the natural ecosystem and in human life
To mention:
- Throughout the process there is an environmental impact of oil: in the production, extraction, refinement, distribution.
- Even in the reprocessing of its use by other industries in its own production processes.
- Not only does contamination of the subsoil exist, but also in the atmosphere by all the chemicals that are used and its toxic effects. Gas burning accelerates the global warming process, affecting the health of human populations and biodiversity.
- Environmental impact is also given due to the noise generated before the detonations and the operation of the machinery.
- Environmental impact on the light generated by gas burning.
- Impact due to deforestation in the logging of trees for the implementation of infrastructure, camps and road construction.
- Oil spills in rivers, seas and oceans, accidentally or deliberately.
Agreements / Guidelines
Sustainable development in Latin America
- Latin America, since the beginning of the battle of developed countries against environmental impact, has shown the importance of such problems.
- In Latin America, some of their countries have signed international agreements and treaties giving priority to environmental problems.
- Since the mid -198consumerist societies, unhealthiness, misery cords, demographic explosion, inequality between development poles and depressed areas with an overwhelming increase in poverty.
- In Latin America, also, as in the rest of the world, in the mid -80the awareness of the problem and the development of actions of all kinds.
- In the post COVID-19 stage: “The challenges forward for the region are immense, but so are the opportunities to walk in the right direction. (www.Latin America.UNDP.org |United Nations Development Program |2020)
Sustainable Development Model
“From a systemic perspective, sustainable development is conceived as that process that is aimed at transcending exclusively economic interests towards the understanding of the need to establish lanaturaleity reappropriation devices that consider socio -historical, geopolitical and biospsosociocultural aspects of the different collective identities,because the achievement of development objectives and satisfaction of collective and individual needs must be the result of social, political and economic arrangements and commitments by public and private actors aimed at the search for the state-market-surrounding balance-medium-environmental balance-medium environment". Isabel Rodríguez and Héctor Govea (2006) Researchers University of Zulia, Venezuela Source: Isabel Rodríguez and Héctor Govea (2006)
ECLAC
It raises the achievement of agreements capable of stimulating production without being attentive against the health of the individual and the environment under a scheme of shared responsibility, in a democratic, participatory environment and inspired by values of honesty, trust, solidarity, co -responsibility, cooperation, cooperationand future vision.
Venezuelan oil industry challenges
For a change in narrative and national strategy:
- Attending and responding to effective issues related to sustainability and the impact of the industry on the environment.
- Reactivate the "oil opening" to attract investments in traditional areas and in particular in the Orinoco strip.
- Strengthen the State, its competent instances and its previously filial, to join 100% in all the processes of the oil and gas industry
- Activate such industries that represent the great opportunity and lever for development.
- Take actions with the participation of all national and international actors.
- Guarantee proven capacities and commitment by Venezuelans and for Venezuelans.
- Transform the industry with a production 4.0.
You are by Venezuela
This situation requires national and international agreement
- The decline in the price of oil is worldwide.
- United States sanctions to Venezuela limit the country in the normal performance of the oil, gas and other associate industry, in all its amplitude.
- Sanctions limits Venezuela to export oil.
- The sanctions limits Venezuela for receiving income from the companies that have outside the country.
- The sanctions have pushed the collapse of national oil production.
- PDVSA, according to OPEC report, reports that the industry produced in January 2020 733 thousand barrels per day, the lowest level since 1945.
- The Financial Synthesis firm warns, in its report the Treasurer, that the 2020 income from Venezuela’s oil exports could suffer a 67% drop compared to 2019 and be located in just 4.500 million dollars.
- According to the specialist Víctor Salmerón (2020): “To evade sanctions, Venezuela places oil through intermediaries that demand a discount on the price. Financial synthesis considers that this year the country would charge for its small exports an average of $ 16.7 per barrel, while in 2019 it obtained an average of $ 40.14 per barrel ”. Production Challenge 4.0 / in trend
Transformation of the oil industry in Latin America in attention to the trend, studies of experts and coincident perspectives by a CEO panel of the largest companies in the sector (Rosneft, Exxonmobil, BP, Total, ENI), the challenge for the industryLatin American is clear: the digitalization of the oil industry in order to far exceed the current problems in the world, to point towards technological progress, sustainability and production optimization that will add two million customers in the next twodecades. This, brings with it the business models, diversifying the sources of income and taking action in terms of the participation of national, private and international sectors.
It goes through a fundamental transformation throughout the world. Change driven by two acceleration trends:
- The global competition
- Production technologies 4.0
What is?
Integration of all interconnected processes through the Internet of things, forming an internal automated network with the outside, introducing flexibility to the production process and great adaptability for the improvement and increase of production.
So that?
To handle a large -scale production, with innovative, personalized, sustainable products, attending the particular needs of consumers, delivering a differentiating value that ensures satisfaction and pleasant experience of the user.
How?
It incorporates techniques and processes in its ecosystem to integrate the digital universe into its transformation and have new production modes, new media, new strategies, much more effective and immediate than in the traditional way. Production Challenge 4.0 / in trend
It is defined: traditional
- Social Unit
- Deliberately structured
- Intends to achieve specific ends
- Is oriented towards goals and objectives
- Interdependence relationships
- External environment that influences them
It is transformed: Digital
- Intelligent organization
- Principles of sustainability
- Integrated network work without intermediation
- Greater value to customers
- Disruptive innovation
- Automation
- Flexibility for changes
Production Challenge 4.0 / in trend
Production Challenge 4.0 / in trend
Impact on human talent:
- New forms of paid employment, on the border between work on their own and autonomous.
- A change in the global work division (also linked to the completion of work for clients- employers in other countries).
- A ‘segmentation wave’ in labor markets.
- Change in paid working conditions (greater autonomy in working time, a greater selection in the workplace).
- More opportunities for active participation.
- Requirement of a legal norm frame, etc.), extend them to the active population, making these protection regulations enforceable in an international context.
Conclusions
- Today, the oil industry has to be more aware in the environmental impact generated by its activities.
- Practice environmental impact studies, economic and social impact studies helping the industry develop in a corporate sustainability climate, creating long -term value, not only for the company, but also for its different interest groups: employees, customers, investors and communities where it operates.
- Intangible assets grant most of the value to the company and much of them can be measured through sustainability indicators, which integrate not only the economic dimension, but also the environmental and social, which is increasingly valued byThe citizens of the world.
- The industry must be a social engine of the country for poverty eradication.
- To ensure an optimal, not contaminated environment, is part of the challenge for achieving sustainable development, where the well -being of citizens is the purpose of the industry and for this all sectors are summoned to add in transformation 4.0, which is more than technology, are people, the reason for being, and doing the sector for the benefit of an entire nation. Trend that reaffirms with COVID-19.
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