Suicide as a public health problem
Suicide constitutes a public health problem and can be preventable if the institutions involved with the country’s safety and health implement the necessary prevention measures or strategies to educate the population and guarantee their medications in case they are necessary and develop their intelligenceEmotional, for proportional tools that allow tensions to properly manage: suicide is preventable through timely, low -cost interventions and for national responses to be effective, a multisectoral and integral suicide prevention strategy is required.
The World Health Organization (2019) provides technical orientation based on scientific tests that aims. In the 2013-2020 mental health action plan.
In the First World Report of the WHO (2014) on suicide, it raises suicide prevention: a global imperative and recognizes suicide as a public health priority, aims to sensitize with respect to its importance, prevention and as a priority on the agendaworld. It also aims to motivate and support countries to develop and strengthen comprehensive suicide prevention strategies within the framework of a multisectoral approach to public health (World Health Organization, 2019).
Suicide is one of the priority conditions of the action program to overcome the mental health gap established by WHO in 2008, which provides technical orientation based on scientific evidence with a view to expanding the provision of services and care of mental health problems,neurological and substance abuse. Borges et al (1994) recommend that for the best evaluation of the complex problem of suicide, the integration of different perspectives is required in addition to the epidemiological, since it has been the one that has led to the characteristics of the individuals of the individuals that areThey associate with more probability to suicidal behavior: (1) It offers information on variations between countries, culture, age, marital status, labor condition, associated psychiatric disorders;And, (2) is a reference point for prevention and intervention strategies.
Preventive measures to avoid suicide are based on policy design that:
Control the purchase and acquisition of pesticides, firearms and medications whose application or ingestion represents potential risks.
- Eduque the citizen through social and school campaigns in order to reduce bullying and alcohol and drug use
- Foster tolerance, empathy and solidarity through the media: television, radio, press, social networks.
- Allow early identification, treatment and care of people with mental health problems, substance abuse, chronic pain, emotional disorders, victims and victimizers of bullying, of sexual harassment.
- Allow the training of specialized health personnel, in the evaluation and management of suicidal behaviors, monitoring and support in these cases (https: // www.quien.INT/ES/NEWS-ROOM/FACT-SHEETS/DETAIL/SUICID).
- Allow identify the necessary treatment to treat the real cause of the problem and prevent suicidal thoughts from returning, it is important to overcome the shame of seeking adequate treatment for depression, substance abuse or other problem, since treatment will help you stay safe.
- Allow to create a support network among various institutions, such as religious or support groups or NGOAs you feel and be by your side when you need them, support can help reduce suicide risk, suicidal feelings are temporary and appropriate treatments can help recover perspective and improve life
The programs arise due to the need to have strategies capable of preventing the consummation of the self-elimination of the person through suicide, and promoting the capacity for enjoyment and better quality of life of the population. Specialists say that suicidal ideas can stop with the support of the community, it is important to open to seek professional help, their friends, their family, support groups. The Federation of Psychologists of Venezuela has a free and confidential telephone aid line available, to attend to those who feel suicidal desires (Núñez, 2019).
Suicide constitutes a complex problem and policies must be designed by a multidisciplinary team composed of specialists in the area of health, psychology, education, orientation, agriculture, work, justice, trade, law, defense, politics, however prevention does notIt has been approached properly, due to the lack of awareness of this issue as a public health problem and the taboos that exist in this regard, only 38 countries accounts with prevention programs, it is necessary to strengthen the surveillance and monitoring of the cases of cases ofSuicide attempts (World Health Organization, 2019).
Another important WHO effort has been to send Hollywood film directors and professionals from the audiovisual sector a guide to offer different optics about suicide, since scientific studies around movies and television programs show that when they presentSuicide details There are those who try to imitate them. Therefore, they recommend cinema and television analyze the different complexities of suicide, without simplify.
WHO highlights that in 2016 suicides in America have increased due to greater access to firearms and Uruguay has the highest rate (18.4 cases per 100.000 inhabitants), one of the preventive measures would be to reduce access to weapons. It is also important to prohibit or limit access to pesticides, used by one in five suicides in rural areas of developing countries, in South Korea the cases were reduced by half between 2011 and 2013 after the prohibition of a powerful herbicide. After traffic accidents, suicide constitutes the second main cause of death, among young people aged 15 to 29, with more than 200.000 deaths in 2016, so WHO makes efforts to prevent suicide and suggests preparing them to overcome problems and highlights the importance of the media to achieve the proposed objectives (World Health Organization, 2019).
The World Health Organization and the Pan American Health Organization (2014), published a report on the prevention of suicide where they present their world epidemiology, risk factors and protection and related interventions;The current situation in prevention, work for a national comprehensive response for prevention and the way to follow in the prevention of the same.
Conclusions
The research carried out allowed to important aspects related to suicide, such as its history, its precipitating factors, acute and chronic stressors, populations susceptible to committing this act, considering individual cases that present suicidal risks and vulnerable groups, thusAs well as the risk factors associated with suicide, signs and theories that have been proposed to explain this phenomenon, the elements involved with suicide, world incidence and efforts that must be made to prevent suicide and decrease are raised and decreaseIts national and world incidence.
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