Sowing transgenic crops in the world
Introduction
With the excuse of making agricultural surfaces in the world more productive and achieving food security of our countries, the planting of transgenic crops has been emphasized in recent years as an alleged alternative to increase the production of some items. The transgenic plants were created for the first time in the early 80This was achieved with genetic engineering.
Developing
Genetic engineering maneuvering with genes from one species, to the point of allowing its introduction to another, such is the case of the transfer of genes from one plant to another, thus obtaining transgenic crops genetically modified organisms OGMS. Currently countries such as the United States, Japan and Canada continue with the modification of genes of many crops, some crops that have been genetically modified:
Rice, corn, tomato, have been genetically modified, since they were transferred a gene called BT that act as insecticides, causing effect on the intestinal cells of some insects;Similarly corn and soybean were modified to be genetically resistant to glyphosate herbicide released by the Monsanto company.
Comparison between natural and transgenic tomato
Likewise, papaya was inserted a gene that makes it more resistant to annular stain virus, transmitted by species of aphids, insects, which are found in all areas where papaya are grown. In Latin America, Brazil is the country with the largest area sown with transgenic crops, followed by Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, Bolivia, Colombia, Chile, Honduras and Costa Rica.
Risks in the establishment of transgenic crops
Introducing transgenic crops in agricultural production systems, can generate some negative effects in agroecosystem, since there will be an imbalance in the environment such as those that will be mentioned below: Transfer of genes between modified plants and wild plants, when introducing a cropThis can transfer or incorporate genes into wild plant populations that are usually weeds, this incorporation is carried out through the movement of pollen or seeds, for which it is necessary that the plants be sexually compatible, they are geographically close and inbloom.
If this gene transfer will occur due to the aforementioned mechanisms, wild plants would change their characteristics and become more resistant to insects, tolerant of herbicides which would make them difficult to control, we would be facing supermalezas with high aggressiveness, invasive and resistant capacityto insects and herbicides.
Resistant weeds
It also brings harmful effects on beneficial insects, since any type of insect will be affected, bringing this effects that would damage ecosystems by reducing the number of beneficial species, which naturally help pollination and pest control. On the other hand, resistance in pests that can survive in transgenic crops can be generated, which makes the use of this type of crop ineffect, since the application of new and more toxic chemical pesticides becomes inevitable, being a great threat toSustainable agriculture methods and environment.
In this sense, by increasing the use of pesticides with high levels of toxicity, it can be harmful to human health, because for example there are different studies show that glyphosate is harmful to the human organism, since it causes toxicity in placental human cells, the roundupcan cause toxicity in vivo in human cells as well as cause cell death in the liver.
Protection of Venezuela against the planting of transgenic crops
In Venezuela, the production and marketing of transgenic crops is not legally allowed, in the Constitution of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela in articles 117, 127 and 129, they indicate the obligation of the State to protect biological and genetic diversity, the right of citizensof a free and pollution environment, the ecological balance and to consume quality items.
conclusion
Additionally, there are the Organic Law of the Environment, Criminal Law of the Environment, Law of Planning of the Territory and Law of Biological Diversity, which regulate the use of ecological spaces and the integral protection of the environment;In addition to this Venezuela has signed agreements such as the Agreement on Biological Diversity in 1992, ratified in 1994 in which it is contemplated to avoid genetically modified organisms.
Dear readers despite the opposition of some countries, environmental groups and non -governmental organizations against transgenic crops, research on genetic modification of some crops are still carried out;Based on the review of the subject, it can be concluded that genetically modified plants could be potentially causing toxicological and environmental damage. In agricultural systems they can cause weeds and pest resistance and in the human organism it could cause toxicity.
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