Social Security as a service
Introduction
In the Constitutions of Ecuador before applying the contributory regime in our country, the right to social security (as it is today), was considered a "service" for the population;where the only insured or beneficiaries were destined for public employees, teachers, military and dependent on the Judiciary according to the laws issued in the 1905, 1915 and 1918.
Tracing a little to the history of our country, the right to social security is born from the "right to work";On July 9, 1925, the Julian Revolution (a coup d’etat produced by the Military League to end the corrupt regime that was represented by the economic hegemony of the banks).
Developing
After the dismissal of former president Gonzalo S. Córdova and with the arrival of Isidro Ayora, a series of reforms are produced to restore the company, where some decrees are issued producing the inspection of the banks, the income tax was introduced, and in general it was allowed that the social be the socialconsidered as a state policy. The telegraph mentions that “the Julian Revolution at its time obtained a great support from the middle layers, broad popular and workers sectors.
Particularly in Quito and Guayaquil, two policies inaugurated in Ecuadorian history: the economic intervention of the State and the institutionalization of state care to the working population. This laid the foundations for overcoming the oligarchic-terratic system El Telegrafo, "Julian Revolution", in this way, social security evolves leaving behind private interests, companies and supporting and guaranteeing social interests for the common good for the good.
Thus, in 1935 the General Social Security Law is issued and the National Institute of PiscDecree No. 19 of February 4 the law is amended and the disease insurance for affiliates is incorporated. That is, before the Ecuadorian State, it did not guarantee the right to social security to the entire population, but for a few especially.
And this was considered a service in which only the most capable that could provide the benefits that the law typified;It was not until Constitution of 1979 where “the law will come that every person can enter the enjoyment of social benefits, except mortuary and cooperative. The Constitution of 1929, in its article 151, already integrates several of the social security benefits, properly as fundamental guarantees;In numeral 18 .
The protection of work and their freedom ”, Health and safety conditions, compensation for work accidents are required to industrial companies;And in numeral 19, the protection of motherhood. Angelica, Porras Velazco, Social Security in Ecuador: a necessary paradigms change. Certainly, in this Constitution, the right to social security was not yet explicified, as in the 1979 in Art 29 stated
"All Ecuadorians have the right to social forecast that includes: the Social Security that aims to protect the insured and his family …" In 1942 the new law, during the government of Carlos Arroyo del Río (1940-1944) that imposed on theState the obligation to finance 40% of all pensions, not for altruistic reasons, but to address the accumulated deficit.
To the latter, former president Rafael Correa modifies the art. 237 of the Social Security Law that expresses ‘The State will be responsible for subsidiary and will guarantee the payment of pensions’, where the mandatory contribution of the State of 40% is eliminated for jubilee pensions, in return, there is a guarantee only when theIESS does not have the economic resources to cover the obligations for the payment of the Compulsory General Insurance and the Campesino Social Security and State will finance it.
“The 1945 Constitution in its article 149 already establishes the basis of social security, through Social Security. The benefits of disease, disability, old age, widowhood, orphanage, unemployment and others with the financing of workers, employer and state. A very important one that arises is the extension as many inhabitants as possible and the quality of autonomous institutions of the institutions in charge of insurance is recognized. Social Security is enshrined as an inalienable right of workers;(Angelica, Porras Velazco). Social Security in Ecuador: a necessary paradigms change ”
In this way and in the next Constitutions, the benefits that the insured and practically the workers from their employers and for their own contributions would be increased. The 1967 Constitution also dedicates several articles to Social Security;First, article 65 indicates that it is the obligation of the State to protect the inhabitants of Ecuador against the risks of unemployment, disability, disease, old age, maternity and death.
“In 1968 the Social Security Code was approved that had a short duration;It was intended to rethink the guiding principles of the system: solidarity, universality and obligation. In that same year, Peasant Social Security is created. In 1970 by supreme decree no. 40, published in the Official Registry no. July 15, 1970, the National Social Security Fund became the Ecuadorian Social Security Institute;Angelica, Porras Velazco, "Social Security in Ecuador: a necessary paradigms change"
conclusion
Indeed, the peasant social security brought benefits to both the affiliate and the spouse and children, in terms of health benefits (although they contribute with a monthly minimum to the IESS), that state would be faithful subsidiary for this group of people, all thisgoverned thanks to the principle of solidarity.
All these changes allowed much of the population to have this life insurance, and can access these benefits;thus allowing a great social change and an increase in the age of the Ecuadorian life expectancy. Subsequently, the IESS and the Social Security Law (1970) would be created
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