Skin histology as the largest organ of the human body
The skin is the largest organ of the human body, in addition to representing 15% of body weight. This has several important functions, this organ is the first skin defense barrier which protects us from physical, chemical and biological agents of the external environment. The skin participates in body homeostasis (internal balance) with thermoregulation and hydration. It helps us to transmit sensations thanks to the receptors found in it such as: laminar corpuscles/ paccini (recognize the sensation of pressure and vibration and are quick adaptation), tactile corpuscles/ meissner (fast adaptation, help us identify the surfaceof objects and are sensitive to vibration), Krauser corpuscles (cold sensitivity), Merkel records (help us identify object characteristics) and ruffini corpuscles (sensitive to touch and pressure, these are slow adaptation). Substance excretion by means of Ecro and apocrine sweat glands and sebaceous glands. He works with the hand of the immune system since if there are wounds this helps us protect ourselves and of course the absorption of vitamins, such as vitamin A which helps us treat damage by sun and cellulite. Vitamin D which reduces skin spots. Vitamin C which is an antioxidant, regenerates vitamin E and provides sun protection and vitamin E which is an antioxidant that protects against sun damage and aging.
The skin is divided into three main layers: the epidermis, dermis and hypodermis.
The epidermis which is the outermost layer and is composed of a flat stratified epithelium in which four strata can be identified. The deepest is the basal stratum or also known as germinative (cells with mitotic activity), it is composed of a single row of cube or cylindrical cells of stem cells or stem cells of the mother epidermis which give rise to the new keratinocyte cells, they have a cytoskeleton of keratin filaments and synthesize two types of K5 and K14 keratins.
The next stratum is the thorny stratum, this is located at the top of the germinative stratum. This stratum is composed of large cells and contains tone fafilaments, we can also find the Odland bodies that are membrane deck granules and present Involved, a protein that is deposited in the inner face of the plasmalema and here you can synthesize 2 keratins, keratinK1 and K10 keratin. Their cells mature and move to the surface the cells increase in size.
The next stratum that we can find is the granular this is above the thorny podium, the granular stratum composed of 3 to 5 layers of flat cells, here the keratinocytes have keratohilian grains (its shape is irregular and variable sizes) is associated withSome grains, we can also find laminar bodies which act as a waterproof barrier for its lipid content and here thefilagrine occurs, it is worth mentioning that this layer is the most superficial that contains thick cells.
The next stratum that we can find is the lucid, this stratum is only found in the thick skin (soles of the feet and palms of the hands), this stratum is thin, transparent and bright, here the cells are dead therefore the nucleiThey are about to disappear and here we find the eleidine.
The last stratum found in this layer of the skin is the stratum corneo, its cells are the closest to the surface of the skin and lack desmosomes and fall. Here we can observe numerous keratin filaments in the amorphous matrix, their cells are the most differentiated since they lose the nucleus and are dead, they are like scales. This stratum is the most variable and higher thick thick layer in thick skin.
We continue with the second leather layer called dermis which is made up of lax conjunctive and conjunctive tissue along with blood and lymphatic vessels, nerve endings, sweat and sebaceous glands and hair follicles and a small number of macrophages, lymphocytes and mast cells. This leather layer serves as the epidermis support. We can generally divide this layer into two zones: the Papillas dermis (narrow superficial, close to the dermoepidermic union) and a reticular dermis (thicker, between the papillary dermis and the subcutaneous adipose tissue). Next we will explain a little about these two areas.
The papillary dermis which is composed of lax conjunctive tissue, collagen fibers type III and VII.It is a pale layer and contains less collagen and elastin, but more matrix. It contains blood vessels of capillary size, fine nerve branches and nerve endings, as well as meissner corpuscles and the terminal bulb of Krausse. On the other hand, the reticular dermis is non -model dense connective tissue, continuous type I collagen fibers, contains sweat glands, sebaceous glands and pylosos. Blood vessels, vascular plexus are found, both deep and superficial and nerves of the skin, free nerve endings as well as the corpuscles of Paccini, Merkel and Ruffini.
We continue with the last layer of the skin, as we know it is called hypodermis This is the deepest layer, where fat is fundamentally found.It is constituted by adipocytes, which are arranged in lobes separated by connective tissue called septa or interlobular partitions.
As we all know the skin has annexes, accessories, as you like to call them and then we will tell you a little about them, starting with the nail, these are plates of dead epidermal cells dead, of hard consistency, grouped densely and constitute a solid roofand transparent.Each nail is divided by the following body, free extreme, root, lunula and cuticula.
Next we will talk about the hair is present in most body surface, distributed mainly in the head, eyebrows, armpits, arms, legs, etc.
Sebaceous glands are also an annexes of the skin, these glands are holocrine, their secretion is related to sex hormones and the palms of the hands or on the soles of the feet are not found.These glands secrete a fatty material called Sebo, which pour through a duct in the outer third of the hair follicle, and lubricates the surface of the skin and hair.
Other glands found are the sweats found in the nipple, armpit and anal region areola, its secretion contains proteins, carbohydrates, ammonium and lipids and are influenced by sex hormones.
As we could see the skin is a very important organ and that performs several actions that help our body so we must learn to take care of our skin how we take care of our health.We must go to a dermatologist if necessary, we must be aware of moisturizing, protecting ourselves from the sun and keeping it clean, of course we should not clean it in excess if we will not have it dry and that also harms. Let’s help skin as she helps us, remember that it is our first protection barrier.
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