Schematic analysis of qualitative research
Introduction.
In scientific research the scientific method is incorporated, therefore, it refers to a systematic process, using the organized steps of this method. As defines Sampieri (2014), the research being the set of systematic, critical and empirical processes that apply to the study of the phenomenon or problem. It is observed that Sampieri incorporates not only systematic processes, but experience, a very important argument, especially in qualitative research.
On the other hand, Ander-EGG (2011) incorporates into the concept of research the reflective, systematic, controlled and critical procedure, but for the same purpose of the investigation that is to discover, describe, explain or interpret the facts, phenomena, processes, but indicating that, from an area of reality, leaving an open door to the interpretation that reality can be changing.
It is important to note that the relationship of all these definitions, indicating that it is a search, that it is a systemic process applied to a phenomenon or reality.
Developing.
In research there are several approaches to know: the quantitative, qualitative and mixed approach (it is a combination of the two previous approaches).
The Quantitative investigation It is a rigid, probative, sequential process based on positivism, is oriented to numerical verification, that is, data collection that will then be verified with statistical tools and that follows a systematic process that cannot be changed, for example, after A survey, it must be processed and analyzed, you cannot return to the respondent to request an additional question that you would like to incorporate. Quantitative research seeks to establish causal relationships between the hypothesis and its variables.
Qualitative research explains the phenomena, but the researcher is an active part of the investigation, since the observation and interpretation of the researcher is part of the investigation, and it can modify and improving as the investigation progresses.Now that there is a clearer perspective about the conceptualization of what the term research and approaches contains, we will then concentrate on qualitative research.
But what is qualitative research?
Qualitative research seeks to explain the interpretations of reality and understand it. Qualitative research tries to identify the deep nature of realities, its dynamic structure, that which is full of its behavior and manifestations. Qualitative research is based on a qualitative paradigm that is based on the feeling of the individual, the attitude of the behavior of the human being, so the role of the researcher is indispensable.
The qualitative research process begins with the analysis of the problem and to the extent that a theory that strengthens it is developed. As I composed (1995) qualitative research could be understood as a category of research designs that extract descriptions that are adopted in the form of interviews, narratives, field notes, recordings, audio and video transcripts cassettes, written records of all kinds, Photographs or films and artifacts. This author clearly presents the interrelation that exists between the subject and the object investigated, using all possible technology to facilitate communication channels.
As observed, clearly determining the problem and the facts is essential, it is important to point out that in qualitative research unlike the quantitative there may be hypothesis or not, that depends on the type of research. That is to say that it is more flexible than the quantitative and begins from the particular to the general. While in quantitative research a linear design is used that cannot be modified in qualitative research a circular and emerging model that can be modified on the march is used and to the extent that it is feedback.
For pita and polegas, qualitative research is characterized by avoiding quantification and based on narrative descriptions, while Sampieri, indicates that qualitative research is what uses the collection and analysis of data to refine research questions or reveal new questions in The interpretation process. In these two definitions you can verify Sampieri’s inclination towards quantitative investigation unlike pita and poons that he does incorporate as a process focused on the experiences of those investigated.
One of the advantages of qualitative research is its flexibility unlike quantitative research, however, the researcher’s role is extremely relevant, due to the influence that it has on interpretation in the collection of information, that is, it is more subjective than quantitative research.
So if it is more subjective, why use qualitative research?, That will depend on the type of research to be carried out, if we want to know the attitudes, the behavior, the motivations of the human being, the research must be qualitative.
In the business area, which to use, how are the quantitative and qualitative research?
One of the uses of qualitative research in business or administration focuses on market studies used in the marketing area to meet customers.
conclusion.
Qualitative research has various techniques among which are the observational, conversational and documentary. In observational techniques the researcher is involved as part of the process, since through observation uses self-records, daily, personal documents and others to register their assessments of the observed reality.
On the other hand, the conversational technique includes the semi -structured or open interview (it is individual and is analyzed based on a previously elaborate question guide) and the group (discussion groups or focus group).
And finally the documentaries that are made up of the qualitative analysis where the material is studied based on qualitative categories, analyzing, classifying and encoding the objects and text to reconstruct the meaning and theorize about it; discourse analysis where the speech is analyzed in depth.
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