Risk Factors, Prevention And Treatment Of Arterial Hypertension

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Risk factors, prevention and treatment of arterial hypertension

Introduction

It is called arterial hypertension (HA) to the chronic elevation of systolic blood pressure (greater than or equal to 140), diastolic (greater than or equal to 90) or both at the same time which causes various negative effects in the body such as: “accidentscardiovascular, stroke, and kidney problems along with premature death ". (Ortega, 2010)

"Gender, race, sedentary lifestyle, a tensioning lifestyle, junk food, excessive salt consumption and saturated fats make the person to develop Ha more prone" (Cabrera et.AL, 2019)

Developing

Risk factor’s

• Gender: "Men have more predisposition to the women until they reach menopause where the incidence is equalized due to the decrease in estrogen" (Lillo, 2015).
• Obesity: Overweight is an important factor since it makes the person most prone to develop has. “Obesity leads to an increase in plasma and leptin insulin, which culminates in an increase in tension figures.”(Kunstmann, 2005)
• Sedentary: "Physical activity decreases blood pressure, also reduces the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases" (Magrini, 2012). 
• Stress "can cause hypertension through repetitive tension elevations caused by adrenergic stimulation and release of vasoconstrictor hormones" (Rodriguez, 2004).
• Race: "The black race is the most prone to develop Ha" (Robles BH, 2019).
• Tobacco and alcohol: "Decrease alcohol and tobacco intake reduces cardiovascular risk" (Martín, 2019)

Treatment and prevention

• Dash diet: This diet is based on increasing the consumption of fruits, vegetables, chicken, fish in order to improve mineral income into the body (magnesium potassium, calcium) In addition, fatty and sweet foods should be avoided in order to reduce the pressurearterial. "The dash diet acts as a diuretic favoring the excretion of sodium by urine, in addition to composed of a variety of nutrients contributes to vascular relaxation and improves endothelial function thanks to the antioxidant properties of the poli phenols" (Solís and Fernández,2010)
• Potassium intake increase: "This acts as a diuretic treatment facilitating the decrease in blood pressure". A high intake of fruits and vegetables or the inclusion of dietary supplements rich in potassium help to achieve proper value of potassium in the body contributing to the decrease in blood pressure (Wassermann, 2013). 
• The decrease in sodium intake: "By reducing salt consumption there is no longer an excessive release of vasopressin causing a progressive decrease in systolic blood pressure (TAS) in 5 mmHg in Normotensive and in 7 mmhg in hypertensive" (by Luis Rd, 2008). 
• PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT: There are a variety of drugs to deal.Pharmacological treatment does not replace the change in eating habits rather complements it. 

conclusion

Arterial hypertension is a multifactorial disease since it can be inherited and developed over time according to the individual’s lifestyle. There are factors that make the person most susceptible to develop has, here we can highlight the genre (more common in men than women) the breed (greater incidence in black race), overweight, sedentary lifestyle and consumption habits such as excess saltIn the diet, and the high intake of alcohol and tobacco. The treatment indicated for HA is based on modifying the eating habits of the person including a diet rich in potassium, decreasing the consumption of salt, tobacco and alcohol.