Psychosocial Risk Management
Introduction
Fundamental part of every individual is social interaction, a place is part of daily living, which can be perceived in different ways, this depends on each person, depending on the situation in which it is located. In the same way it occurs in organizations and the purpose of psychosociology is to prevent and intervene in the different psychosocial factors that can be identified within the organization.
It is important to note that “psychosociology as a technique for prevention of occupational hazards, is introduced into Spain by the National Institute of Safety and Hygiene at work, in the 1970s, in the same way that the current conception of the current conception ofIndustrial hygiene ". The INSHT, is the pioneer in occupational risk prevention, its contributions have great impact worldwide, since its methodology is coupled to any type of company.
Developing
Applied psychosociology can be defined as the adaptation and adjustment between internal and external pressures originated by the so -called psychosocial factors, with the aim of improving the working conditions and the physical, psychic and social health of the worker. Occupational risks include all those activities that can cause harm to people, whether physical, chemical, mechanical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial, psychosocial risk prevention is based on the study of all those factors that affect the personand therefore to improve their psychosocial conditions.
Definitions or concepts of psychosocial risks.
The work world is constantly changing, the same that are accelerated, one of them is the transformation of the capitalist system with its neoliberal economy, the globalization of markets and communications, which cause shocking changes in workers and their families
“The world of work is vast and heterogeneous in its characteristics, today more than ever in the history of humanity, in this space various forms of labor organization coexist;Modern, archaic, manual, intellectual, virtual, hypertecnologized, with multiplicity of schedules, etc., For a world that needs a 24 -hour production society practically continuous ”.
Therefore, the need to evaluate the conditions in which one works, from a comprehensive point of view and evidenced the health alterations of workers, not only in the physical field but also in their mental health, work stress and stress is evidencedOther pathologies, which is why the concept of psychosocial work factors is born.
The International Labor Organization since 1986 defines psychosocial risks as “the interactions between the content, organization and management of work and environmental conditions, on the one hand, and the necessary functions of workers, on the other. These interactions could exert a harmful influence on the health of workers through their perceptions and experiences ”.
“Psychosocial risks are working conditions, derived from the organization of work, for which we have sufficient scientific studies that demonstrate that they harm the health of workers. Psycho because they affect us through the joint psyche of acts and functions of the mind and social because its origin is social: certain characteristics of the organization of work.".
The psychosocial factors are intended to seek the personal and social welfare of workers. Because of this, favorable working conditions contribute to good health, instead harmful conditions and inappropriate attitudes in development and around work will trigger discomfort and pathologies.
"Both labor interactions, understanding by interaction the work environment, co -workers and workload can become intrinsic triggers so that work performance is affected, therefore, the importance of the study to be carried out". The importance of psychosocial factors for workers’ health has been recognized increasingly broadly, which has meant an increase and deepening of the subject.
"Psychosocial risks not only affect the individual’s psychic part, but also affect the entire biopsychosocial system, that is why the importance of study and prevention of these risks so that the health of the collaborator is not affected". "The main negative consequences on the person are stress and labor dissatisfaction and are observed in parameters such as the quantity and quality of work, labor rotation or absenteeism". In studies, four large groups of psychosocial risks have been identified:
- Excess in the psychological demands of work, refers to the fact that the work should be done quickly or irregularly, omitting opinions, when work requires that feelings and difficult decisions be hidden quickly.
- Lack of development and influence at work, that is, when there is no margin of autonomy in the way in which a task develops, when there is no possibilities to develop skills and knowledge, if work does not give the possibility of adapting our schedules tofamily needs or we cannot decide when to make a break
- Absence in social support and leadership efficiency, when there is no job with support from supervisors or colleagues, which makes the worker perform his isolated task, when tasks have not been defined exactly or there is no adequate information and toweather.
- Scarce work compensation, when contractual insecurity is caused, change of position or service without prior notice is made, there is an unfair treatment, the low salary
conclusion
We can say that the psychosocial risk factors in the work area are intimately related, to the work environment and the organization, and the management that it performs of the work, which can be potentially negative or positive for the health of workers. Labor psychosocial risks are organizational conditions, are psychosocial working conditions that as such can be positive or negative.
In other words, when such conditions are adequate, work, work skills and satisfaction levels will facilitate, as well as business productivity, this contributes to the motivation in which workers reach greater experience and professional competence. "The accurate forms of business culture, leadership and work climate, general psychosocial conditions, affect health positively generating individual development, personal and organizational well -being" ".
Psychosocial risk factors in the work area acts in long periods of time, not always constantly, are numerous, complex and of different nature. Because they are made up of different aspects both in the work environment, as in the staff perceptions, motivation, attitudes, capacities, experiences. Another important aspect that influences is the personality with which each worker reacts or faces or faces each worker, because the characteristics of each individual will determine the magnitude and nature of their reactions, as well as the consequences of the same.
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