Protests for Chile’s democracy in October 2019
In October 2019, the city of Santiago de Chile was convulsed by a series of protests to which the protesters themselves appointed "Chile woke up". These demonstrations were the product of a general discontent for the economic and social policies that have been executed by both right -wing and left parties during these 30 years post dictatorship. While Chile is a reference for economic success in Latin America, due to its free market and economic growth policy, it is not for the solution of social problems.
The transition from a dictatorship to democracy, and decades of economic growth, was not enough;Growth did not reach all Chileans. Most of these that could be included in a new working middle class are currently staggering for high prices and low salaries, a privatized pension system that leaves many older people and with physical disability in conditions of extreme poverty, in addition to thecorruption scandals and tax evasion that have betrayed the confidence of Chileans.
In this context, the “Chile aroused” booklet is oriented to contribute to the socio -historical debate, with some historical deliberations that could answer the many possible questions about the political crisis that Chile lived in October 2019, from multiple historiographic perspectivesthat explain social mobilization, cabildos or the intervention of monuments during protests. In addition to a socio-historical analysis that goes from the present, where the origin of the movements and their possible repercussions in the future are questioned to finally address topics a little less linked to the protests, but which in themselves are of great relevance inAs for the sociopolitical problems that are now lived in Chile.
As for the issues with historical reference, Sergio Grez takes care, who examines the constitutional tradition, constituent processes and the exercise of citizenship in Chile in an article entitled "Popular Rebellion and Constituent Process in Chile". Then Cristian Guerrero in the article "Historical origins of representative councils" points out the origin of the councils and similarities, and differences of the first councils with the current ones, in addition to the political function of the councils in Chilean society throughoutthe history. José Luis Martínez in the article, "Between statues and memories" analyzes symbologies of the statues and monuments that were used during protests, also refers to the modifications they suffered giving a possible interpretation, and finally gives a brief inference of the elementsof the speech of freedom of the Chileans and their link with the historical monuments found in the city.
Later in the article “We did not see it coming. Experts under scrutiny ”Carlos Sanhueza explains the reasons why citizens rushed into the streets, and the technical errors that committed the panel of experts in terms of government policies that gave rise to this outbreak. Azuncandina in her essay "The class that was not: social anger and poverty in Chile" explains the reason for the discontent of the Chilean middle class, and Mario Matus complements the idea dealing with the issue of inequality as an element of social discontent of the ChileansIn his essay "Inequality: the crack that fractures society". Carla Peñaloza, points out the forms of repression retaken by the State, which violated the human rights of the Protestants, and violated some elements of the restored democracy 30 years earlier, in an essay entitled, "Human Rights: the past that does not happen", where it gives a brief explanation of the reasons why the Chilean government repressed the protests.
Pablo Artaza refers to the fact that the Chilean problem not only responds to economic and social problems, but to a underlying political problem and is the political legitimacy and social fear of dictatorships;Additionally Javier Estevez compares the Chilean rebellion of 2019 with the Spanish in 2011, which have lived similar situations regarding the dissolution of social pacts, and finally José Manuel Zavala reflects on the elements that have not allowed the inclusion of the peopleMapuche and other native peoples in Chilean politics, in addition to the repercussions that this has had on these ethnicities, and Mauricio Folchi remembers in his essay "the struggle for dignity and environmental justice" the social struggles that show the injustice of the injustice of the injustice of the injustice of thepolitical and economic order that is lived in Chile, where companies, pass over the environmental laws and social rights of citizens.
Given the themes, this booklet is intended to give the most successful answers to the questions that arise as protests developed in Chile. These reflections in some cases are successful and in others a precipitated tato;First, since the origin of the protests is not totally clear;Second, the amount of claims made by citizens to the State is exorbitant-, and thirdly, government responses during protests were not the most appropriate. Giving historical answers to a crisis in the middle of chaos is somewhat complicated even more when this series of detonating elements are long data. It is acceptable.
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