Prostate cancer in Latin America
Introduction
Prostate cancer is the malignant transformation of the prostate following a multiple steps process, which begins as prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, followed by localized prostate cancer and then advanced prostate adenocarcinomCancer worldwide is located within the five main cancers with high incidence and mortality.
This type of cancer is particularly common in developed countries;The probabilities of diagnosis of prostate cancer at the age of 79 are one in 47 among countries with a low-medium demographic index, compared to one in six between countries with a high socio-demographic index.
Developing
The diagnosis of this type of cancer was made by rectal touch and digit-directed biopsy, then the performance of the prostate specific antigen (PSA) examination in urological consultations was introduced, allowing to diagnose in a timely manner and be able to intervene in time andin this way avoid mortality. Cancer its entity is unknown, it is attributed to multiple causes involved in its appearance with the race, family history of cancer and diet.
However, the incidence of prostate cancer in developing countries remains high, despite having implemented screening with PSA, prostate cancer is estimated is the main cause of incident cancer and in 2016 180 were diagnosed 180.890 new cases. In Latin America, the diagnosis of this pathology is very low, it can be attributed to the lack of knowledge of the symptoms, so they reach an advanced stage, the need arising for programs, strategies to disseminate on prevention and symptomatologyof this disease and manage to raise awareness of the male population to perform the exams on time.
Cancer is the main cause of death in the world, according to WHOIt was estimated that in our country the incidence of cancer in the male population was 162 people per 100,000 inhabitants, above Peru and Venezuela but below Brazil.
In Ecuador, prostate cancer occupies the first place of incidence representing about 38 cases per 100,000 new inhabitants. The risk in our country to develop prostate cancer before 75 years is 20%. According to urologists and oncologists, current resistance is less. In Ecuador there are 3.642 cases of prostate cancer. This evil represents 33% with respect to the total of this disease in men, according to the International Agency for Cancer Research.
Currently, 860 patients are treated, 75% arrive in an advanced stage and 25% in metastatic phase, the disease represents the largest number of consultations in the Oncology area. The early detection of prostate cancer can be performed through two tests, the specific prostate antigen analysis (PSA) and rectal touch, the latter being little accepted by the male population, WHO recommends that it should be performed from50 years, in case of finding any alteration in these results, another exam with greater sensitivity and specificity such as biopsy is carried out.
The rectal manual examination in the health guides of the Ministries of Health is president of the ease of perceiving with touch the morphological changes that the prostate can present;However, with respect to Latin America there is resistance when this examination is carried out mostly due to a wrong idea or belief that they affect its virility, associating more homosexuality.
It is necessary to raise awareness of the male population about this pathology on early detection, using clear messages during talks, workshops and identify more obstacles that can occur in this population and for what they refuse to medical care and thus have aMultisectoral addresses breaking paradigms, belief and barriers;since, from this multidisciplinary approach, its morbidity and mortality can be reduced, reducing the impact it has on patients, families and the high cost for health.
On the other hand, there are theories that reinforce the idea that, at greater knowledge, improves the disposition or attitude towards early detection. One of them is the "theory of reasoned action", which tries to describe the behavior of men. The behavioral intention of these people is related to preventive practices, and is in turn influenced by two factors;The attitude of the individual (favorable or unfavorable) is related to beliefs (individual knowledge and ideas), subjective regulations, which is social pressure regarding certain behaviors.
conclusion
It has been evidenced in recent years that prostate cancer is one of the pathologies within the health system that has generated a global impact, so its management must be carried out in a multidisciplinary way and knowledge must have everythingHealth personnel, to achieve better prevention, providing greater knowledge of preventive measures to the male population over 50 years.
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