Pluricultural Nation: Art, Culture and Ecuadorian Literature
Introduction
Ecuador is a multicultural nation. With the 3 regions we have in Ecuador we live with 18 indigenous nationalities and 14 villages with very different traditions. In 1898 they facilitated their culture and ancestral territories for that reason the Constitution of the Republic protects all these multicultural communities. Almost the entire population of this country is self-identified as a mestizo race, although some would be able to be basically white. There are also various customs in this beautiful country such as: Palo onbie. There are many traditional festivals and most have pre -Hispanic origins, these can be divided into ancestral, indigenous, traditional, mestizo and civic. The traditional festivities are: Inti Raymi, the Black Mama, La Chonta de la Amazonia, Rodeo Montubio Costeño, the Carnival of Guaranda, Flores and Fruit Fiest, The Yamor.
Developing
What characterizes Ecuador is art either in architecture, painting, dance, photography and theater. Art in this country has had a great influence Europe, since they taught us various things about art. The first art school in Quito “San Juan Evangelista’ was created this was founded in 1951. Here teachings were made about the baroque technique and then all this was evolving and took its characteristics of Quito. The recognized work of this school is ‘the Immaculate’ that is venerated in the San Francisco Church is carved in 1734.
Before the Spaniards of Ecuador arrived the indigenous groups produced paints and ceramics sculptures. The pottery is in the one made in 3000 to.AND.C. In Valdivia an Ecuadorian village. When the Spaniards arrived in our country more focused on all religious issues. In the Renaissance the influence of Fray Jodoco was lived and at the end of the nineteenth century the indigenous movement occurred.
The most relevant painters in Ecuador were:
- Eduardo Guayasamín is the most famous painter in Ecuador, his paintings deduce mourner indigenous figures. His father was an indigenous and his mother was mestizo, he consecrated a painter and sculptor at the School of Fine Arts. The artist took distance with the school for the reason that his works were about social protest.
- Camilo Egas was part of an indigenous movement, made a change in custom painting with other different currents of contemporary art. His works were about surrealism, neocubism, abstract expressionism and social realism. He had great recognition for the elaboration of murals he made in for the New York World Fair in 1939.
- Eduardo Viteri was born in 1931 in Ambato, the techniques he uses are: engraving, drawing and mosaic. He was an artist recognized in the twentieth century in the 60s. He was a neofigurative painter, in the 70s his success were the rag and waste material dolls.
- Antonio Salas Ávila lived in the independence era in Ecuador, exhibits in his works images of portrait, everyday and religious situations. The frequent thing he did in his works was a nature landscape and about the colonial era. He was the most important painter in Ecuador in 1810, he had a great influence with the people who began to discover art.
- Humberto More was born in Esmeralda in 1929, he was a muralist painter. He realized his vocation from a very young age when he realized what the colors of all the toys he had of emotion. At 25 he was already a self-taught artist, his first exhibition was a miracle and the second in Guayaquil in the ‘Esmeraldas jewelry”. He obtained the first prize in the Julio Hall 1962 due to his criteria about the geometrization tendency to support in a circle and assess in light colors. One of his greatest work was released that presented an innovative expression had drawings of thick strokes illuminate with colors predominated blue and red also painted many landscapes portraits and some personal style modular iron and concrete sculptures. He died in 1984 in Cuba where he had sought medical attention for his illness that was cancer.
conclusion
In poetry the greatest representative was Juan Bautista who was born in Daule and was a colonial poet had Spanish and exclusively religious models. Other Ecuadorian poets were Jacinto de Evia and Antonio Bastidas. The first Ecuadorian journalist was Eugenio Espejo who had a mestizo origin, he was a politician and writer. He had many problems when studying for being the son of an indigenous.
José Joaquín de Olmedo was a poet of the libertarian deeds, a neoclassical poet, his most relevant works are: he sang to Bolívar and the song of October 9. In the nineteenth century, romanticism was born in Ecuador, Dolores twenty -one the Salto The sadness of a love that is not corresponding to the fight against prejudices and especially love, the most prominent work of it was the poem complaints where they show me the clueLove She comes suicide in the city of Cuenca in 1857. Other poets that highlighted were the Quito Julio Zaldumbide and Guayaquileño Numa Pompilio.
In the 20th century it was the decapitated generation, it had four members of Modernism of Ecuador who were Medardo Ángel Silva, Ernesto Noboa, Arturo Borja and Humberto Fierro. It has the name of the decapitated generation for the reason that the four poets committed suicide at such an early age. In the generation of the 30, Realism begins Luis Martínez ‘to the coast’ This novel tells about the experiences that a boy from a Quito family has to pass that has to assume responsibilities of his father gives what his fatherIt dies. Other artists who are in that generation are Demetrio Aguilera Malta Joaquín Gallegos Lara Enrique Gilbert José de la Cuadra Alfredo Tencanseco and the most important is Jorge Icaza.
References
- Arteecuat. (April 10, 2016). Arteecuat. Obtained from Arteecuat: http: // arteecuat.Blogspot.com/2016/04/evolution-of-art-executo.HTML
Blogger. (December 15, 2012). Blogger. Obtained from Blogger: http: // artyculturamabe.Blogspot.com/2012/12/art-in-Ecuador.HTML
- Gonzalez, s. G. (December 2016, 20). Lifer.com. Obtained from Lafede.com: https: // www.Lifer.com/Painters-Ecuadorians/
- Wikipedia. (December 23, 2019). Wikipedia. Obtained from wikipedia: https: // is.Wikipedia.org/wiki/culture_ecuador
- Wikipedia. (November 5, 2019). Wikipedia. Obtained from wikipedia: https: // is.Wikipedia.org/wiki/literature_ecuador
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