Physiological changes produced by diabetes mellitus type 2
Introduction
Physiology keeps a wide relationship with our body and its different systems along with the functions that each of them fulfills, as is the case of diseases. That is why we will focus on type 2 diabetes mellitus, in the physiological changes it produces in patients with such disease.
The body systems are affected by the changes in their functions of each system as in the case of the renal system, this is affected in its blood filtration function Therefore the blood is full of waste substances and therefore these patientsThey are prone to a renal failure that leads to dialysis.
The change of life in these patients is essential for the treatment to have the desired effects and no more medical complications are reached, so the daily controls of capillary blood glucose are one of the most used control instruments for these patients and theirrelatives for being prone to this disease if they lead a lifestyle such as poor diet (soda, fried foods, sweets, fats) in excess combined with the lack of daily exercise.
The health problems that this type of sedentary and unhealthy life entails causes problems in the metabolism of the body, affecting several organs in question.
This disease has a series of metabolism conditions due to the decadent effects of insulin due to an alteration of the endocrine function of the pancreas or in case of effector tissues that lose insulin sensitivity. The pancreatic islets have four cell types (beta, alpha, delta and pp) are responsible for synthesizing and releasing hormones such as insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and the pancreatic polypeptide. During diabetes mellitus, glycemia concentrations rise to values outside the normal reaching harmful concentrations for systems, in which it causes damage to nerve tissues (neuropathies), the kidney (nephropathy), alterations in the retina (retinopathy) andIn the complete body in general. Its event ranges from 1-2% of the world’s population. The studies of this disease are a priority, put to its prevalence and complexity.
Developing
Diabetes mellitus is caused by an abnormal insulin secretion or its resistance to it, this causes hyperglycemia along with other anomalies or secondary complications of the disease such as peripheral neuropathies, nephropathy, vascular diseases and the predisposition to develop infections.
The kidney is considered the organ responsible for eliminating and regulating salts and ionic balance. Its importance in glucose homeostasis has been recognized, acts as a regulator of glucidic metabolism. In fasting 55% of glucose will come from gluconeogenesis. The transport of renal glucose occupies a conveyor called Sodium-Glucosa Cotransporter Type 2.
The renal system is shown several diseases because of diabetes, this means that the kidney cannot perform with effective blood filtering causing an accumulation of body waste in the blood, this leads to more serious health problems. These damages caused by diabetes, progress over the years to accuse a chronic renal failure.
DM 2 is associated with bladder problems, this is due to nerve damage that controls the bladder function both in men and women, this affects the person’s quality of life, among the complications that arise for theTwo genres are found;Hyperactive bladder (nerves send signals in inappropriate situations causing urinary incontinence and urinary urgencies), inappropriate control of the sphincter muscles (causing drip or contraction of the sphincter when it tries to expel urine), urine retention (the muscles do not receive enough enoughnerve stimulation and that causes that there is no emptying of the bladder as such).
In type 2 diabetes mellitus they have an inappropriate insulin secretion, since patients have developed insulin resistance. The liver repellency of insulin cohifies the suppression of the production of liver glucose, and peripheral insulin resistance that affects peripheral absorption of glucose. The combination of these two factors results in fasting hyperglycemia and postprandial. Insulin levels are often very high, especially at the beginning of the disease. After a while in the course of the disease, insulin metabolism can fall, which causes hyperglycemia.
In general, the disease usually appears in adults and often when age progresses more;In statistics, a third of adults> 65 years of age have glucose uneven tolerance. In the elderly, blood glucose levels can reach very high levels after food intake than in younger adults, especially foods that contain a large percentage of carbohydrates. Glucose levels take to return to their normal values due to the accumulation of visceral, abdominal fats and more decrease in muscle mass in people.
This disease is arriving with more incidence in younger individuals in the population such as children, this is because of the childhood obesity epidemic. Not only taking the adult population that are approximately 90% of the obesa population. Genetic determinant, high prevalence reflexes of such disease in some ethnic communities (such as Indo -Americans, Latinos and Asians) and in the relatives of the patients have been detected.
The pathology is complex and poorly understood. The appearance of hyperglycemia occurs when insulin secretions does not compensate for insulin resistance. This insulin resistance is characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, in people who are prone to develop this disease, a dysfunction of beta cells and a decrease in insulin secretion together with a deterioration of the first phase has been evidenced.From insulin secretion in response to intravenous decreases in glucose, you are related to a loss of normal pulsatile secretion of insulin, an increase in the secretion of proinsulin this marks a decay in insulin processing and gives an accumulation of accumulation ofAmiloid polypeptide (it is a protein that is secreted under normal conditions together with insulin).
Hyperglycemia causes a damage in insulin secretion, since high glucose concentrations disabilize the beta cells of the pancreas or because of a malfunction of the same.
The inability of canceling lipolysis in adipose tissue increases the plasma concentration of free fatty acids, these components the transport of glucose that was stimulated by insulin and glycogen activity muscle synthase. Adipose tissue can function as an endocrine organ that releases multiple factors that are capable of efforting (adiponectin) and adverse (tumor-alpha necrosis factor, II-6, leptin, resistine) on glucose metabolism.
In the endocrine system it is composed of different glands that produce hormones, these travel through the bloodstream to other organs whose function is necessary. With the passage of age, the metabolism of hormones is slower and certain organs decrease their functional activities.
conclusion
The different complications that lead to the diabetes mellitus type 2 be one of the most common disease causes in the adult population, these are caused by different factors such as obesity, which are caused by poor diet and lack of exercise,This produces the accumulation of fat in the adipose tissue. Child obesity is a pandemic that affects the youngest population, this because there is no necessary care in feeding these patients
The functions of the different affected systems such as the kidneys make us reflect that this disease is the propagator of many others and therefore the health of these patients is getting worse and the different functions of the body are declining.
Insulin secreted by pancreas cells fulfill their functions, glucose is regulated, but in the case of DM 2 the glucose is high and insulin cannot control this abnormality, since the various factors that influence the insulin notwhether secreted or cannot metabolize.
This disease affects both men and women, both elderly causing the different metabolic conditions in the body and being equally lethal in their aggravation and mortality.
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