Physical characteristics of Ecuador and its influence on the biodiversity of Ecuador
Introduction
In Ecuador a great diversity of climates, landscapes, flora and fauna, which are attractive worldwide concurs in the world. Biodiversity is imminent in this country famous for its different tourist attractions and its history, however, under what circumstances the physical characteristics of Ecuador influence its biodiversity? The investigations that have been carried out throughout history in this country have been innumerable, due to great studies that have allowed famous scientists to prove their theories and witness.
Developing
Biodiversity includes the extensive multiplicity of living beings on earth and the natural patterns that make it up, which are the result of billions of years of evolution of existence (Bravo, 2014). Ecuador is a country that has a lot of climates, living beings, both flora and fauna, a biodiverse culture due to the large and small tribes that inhabit the Ecuadorian territory, and even tourist and historical attractions that build our beloved Ecuador.
The weather varies greatly in the different regions of the country, for example, on the north coast, the average precipitation can exceed 6.000 mm per year, for the remarkable attribution of the warm current of Panama. On the other hand, the Central and South Coast, the annual precipitation in the South West reaches about 355 mm, since the cold current of Humboldt greatly influences. Meanwhile, the average monthly temperature on the coast is 27 ° C, with small seasonal variations (Bravo, 2014).
The Andean region, in general, is very variable, as is its orography. Inter -Andean valleys can be warmer than other regions, and the moors are cold, however, the rainy season normally begins in October and ends in May, with average rains of 1.500 mm per year. In this region there is a singularity, because daily temperature fluctuation can exceed 20 ° C, especially in the moors (Bravo, 2014).
However, in the Amazon, precipitation fluctuates between 2.000 and 5.000 mm per year due to the abundant extension of forests, and therefore, the temperature is uniform, 24 ° C throughout the year (Bravo, 2014).
Finally, in Galapagos, there are only two stations: a hot and rainy that lasts from January to May and a colder station, with a slight precipitation for the rest of the year (Bravo, 2014).
Ecuador is considered one of the countries with great biodiversity of the planet, as indicated by some magazines and books (Bravo, 2014). This biodiversity is not limited to the number of species per unit area, also include the different types of natural environments or environments that exist here. In 1999, a group of scientists made a characterization of the types of vegetation existing in Ecuador, and identified 71 botanical formations for the three natural regions of continental Ecuador: 29 formations on the coast, 31 in the mountains and 11 in the East (Bravo, 2014), showing the different species that Ecuador has.
Ecuador is located northwest of South America. Its limits are north with Colombia, to the south and east with Peru and to the west with the Pacific Ocean. Occupies an area of 271.000 km². The capital of the Republic of Ecuador is the city of Quito, which is constituted in the Metropolitan District. However, how physical characteristics influence the biodiversity of this beautiful country?
Ecuador is located in the equatorial line, that is, in the imaginary line that divides the globe into two equal parts, and in turn the country is separated into four geographical regions: Costa, which includes approximately a quarter of the national territory,along the Pacific Ocean;Sierra, which extends along the two mountain range of the Andes mountain range;East or Amazon region, east of the mountain range indicated above;and, the island region or Galapagos Islands.
The climate of Ecuador, although it is located in the equatorial line, is modified due primarily to its orography, differences between the altitudes between the coast, mountains and Amazon and the influence of the cold current of Humboldt in summer and that of the childIn winter, that is why in reality the country being geographically located in this area of the world, causes it to have a variety of climates, by the currents that visit each of the Ecuadorian regions, in addition to the relief that forms each ofthey.
The coast is near the Pacific Ocean and at quite low altitudes, compared to the Sierra, which thanks to the Andes mountain range, its relief has quite high altitudes, its climate is more tempered, unlike the coast that ismuch warmer, likewise the Amazon than being an extensive tropical jungle favors and attracts the rains dueArchipelago is unique in its kind.
Relatively, if the climate of the regions of Ecuador is varied, its species must adapt to the environment, that is why, in addition to having climates in varieties, we find species with similarities and differences according to their environment and its different ways of subsisting.
conclusion
In conclusion, the physical characteristics of Ecuador greatly influence the biodiversity that the country presents, for that reason the variety of climates, species (flora and fauna), relief, and cultures are presented within the country, promoting the different amounts oftourist attractions.
Bibliography
- Bravo, e. (2014). Biodiversity in Ecuador. Cuenca: Abya-Yala University Editorial.
- Physical characteristics of Ecuador. (s.F.). Obtained from http: // www.BVSDE.OPS-OMS.org/bvscu/full text/Ecuador/Cap 1.PDF
- Mena, p. (s.F.). Biodiversity of Ecuador. FLACSO ANDES.
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