Physical and psychological changes of women during pregnancy
Introduction
Pregnancy The beginning of a new cycle in the life of a woman who implies the beginning of a new life within the mother’s womb, this stage is in mothers to live and experience new sensations, in addition to anatomical changes that require an adaptation of the adaptation of theWomen’s organism during pregnancy, a process of changes that will be in accordance with the development and growth of the fetus and that will also prepare the mother for childbirth and breastfeeding. In motherhood, changes in the emotional health of the pregnant woman who tests its emotional maturity to the coping of this new event and its ability to adapt to this.
The changes during pregnancy in women need an analysis for their study and approach in the professional practice of the nursing area in order to achieve knowledge in terms of prenatal health care in the pregnant woman, this research aims to know which whichThese are the different changes that occur in women both physically and psychologically, variations in this gestational stage that knowing them will allow nursing staff to be a guide for the future mother during her pregnancy period, clarifying her doubts and fears in the courseof the maternity period, precautionary the physical and emotional health of mother and son.
Developing
The pregnancy period supposes in women from conception a whole series of physiological changes visible physically in the woman’s body, the first quarter will be the time where the mother will experience the greatest amount of important changes produced during this period of months of months, where the embryo already implementing in the endometrium will point out its presence in the maternal belly when secreting hormones such as human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), a hormone that will trigger the secretion of progesterone and estrogen in the luteum body during the first months of pregnancy,This hormonal secretion confers a hormonal compensation mechanism for the survival of the implanted embryo, the high levels of this blood hormone are the means by which a pregnancy is detected and confirmed by performing a laboratory test. The high levels of progesterone and estrogen produced by the luteum body begin changes at the level of the woman’s reproductive system such as the growth of the placenta and size of the uterus, the formation of the protective mucous cap in the cervix, the cessation of ovulation andTherefore of menstruation.
The increase in the size of the uterus will produce a pressure on the veins of the pelvis, causing a vulva edema, vulvar varicose veins, resulting in a bluish coloration of the genitals, in the same way the vaginal pH changes and becomes acidic andVaginal secretions increase. The breasts increase their size quickly due to the development of breast ducts and alveoli and also become hypersensitive, the areola and nipple are hyperpigment, the appearance of stretch marks, abdomen, hips and thighs are seen, due to the distention of the skinOf these areas and sudden changes, the increase in blood irrigation of the skin makes the alba line visible when pigmented, prolonged and without sun protection exposure develop conditions such as chloasma in the skin of the face, acne is manifested by alterationshormonals of the same pregnancy.
At the gastrointestinal level, the increase in appetite is evident and the commonly called cravings that cause weight gain and already in the first half of the pregnancy will increase fat deposits, metabolic changes will be given to: “guarantee the needsFetal there is a state of insulin resistance, so that glucose, amino acids and fat levels increase in maternal blood ”(Estévez, 2017, P. 66). The increase in body water content and retention of sodium content, favor edema formation, appearing especially in the lower extremities, the frequency of urination per day in women increase by decreasing urinary control, causing urinary incontinenceIncreases, it is not repairing and fatigue increases when performing daily activities, at the respiratory level the fetus demands more oxygen, causing in the woman’s sensation when making efforts of a daily activity, the respiratory and cardiac frequency increase,The low blood pressure in the first quarter, but for the second it returns to its normality range.
Regarding the psychological aspect, the close relationship of the hormonal state with emotional makes this an important factor in carrying out fetal development, so it is of great relevance to maintain the emotional health of pregnant woman in balance, psychological care againstAn indication of some emotional alteration in pregnant women must be addressed in a timely manner since according to Wedel, (2018). "Moods such as anxiety, depression and emotional instability influence a woman to have long and more complicated births" (P. 4). Emotional health is committed because of the adverse circumstances that the pregnant woman, the economic, sociocultural factors, in the patient’s environment during this period influence and are important to consider them in a nursing interview to know the conditions of living conditions to know the conditions ofAnd possibilities to carry a good pregnancy, since if these factors turn out to be negative components in daily living they can trigger mood disorders in women and that without the accompaniment due to the problem, if it does not detect, the well -being will be compromisedof the mother and development of the fetus.
It has been pointed out that this stage corresponds to a vital and transcendent change for the life of women and their family group, their social environment and their sociocultural origin;And it is, in these social spheres, where there is a high stress that puts into play the individual and group adaptation capabilities. (Wedel, 2018, P. 03)
In the first months sentimentalism intensifies to the point of reaching crying, humor changes are sudden and have no apparent reason, the fear and anguish generated from the experienced physical changes increase in the absence of what you can see. Granda’s research (2017) stands out. "The main symptoms that occurred in the gestation stage are anxiety and depression, these generated changes at the physical and psychological level influencing the quality of life" (P.6). These mood disorders developed from pregnancy, psychologically, create ideas and bad thoughts in women generating in a concern of their own pregnancy, with negative ideas of inefficient care of itself and how it will do with the new life that will arrive soon, of the economic conditions that imply a baby, being judged within its environment regarding the care and adaptation of the new role, affects its self – esteem, the thoughts of congenital malformations in the child, the pain and complications of childbirth thoughts that are persistentThe closer the delivery date, for the fear of the uncertain and new event in his life, this thinking and feeling in a negative way can become a complication of risk because according to Larrosa (2015). "All these fears regarding events that can occur during pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium only increase the chances of real complications" (P. two).
conclusion
Finally, it can be said that the stage of pregnancy in women, from the conception of this new life in the maternal uterus will trigger a series of physiological changes, which are necessary to make pregnancy viable and thus guarantee life, in addition toThat is required of the preparation of intrauterine conditions for an adequate development of the fetus, the physiological adaptations of the body, trigger in the pregnant woman new experiences accompanied by characteristic physical changes as the pregnancy takes place, the function of the different organs and systems are adaptingIn accordance with fetal development, with physiological demands that maintain the life of the mother and son, in the same way alterations are manifested that imply a change in the aspect of women that often cause rejection, changes that can be addressed by nursing through adviceof prenatal care.
In addition to the hormonal involvement that is related to the psychic state of women, where there is the tendency to mood disorders such as depression and anxiety being a stage loaded with great emotions and new experiences, fears aboutPregnancy, negative sensations that affect the welfare of the mother and fetus, addressing the pregnant woman to learn about their conditions and identify factors that predispose these psychological changes should also be an important part of the nursing interview to grant treatment for treatment formanagement of these alterations during pregnancy.
Bibliography
- Granda, a. (2017). Comparative analysis of psychological symptoms and quality of life centered on health among pregnant women with and without a history of abortion: Case Health Area No. 1 Ingahurco, Ambato. (Undergraduate thesis). Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador Headquarters Ambato, Ambato, Ecuador. Recovered from https: // repository.Pucesa.Edu.EC/BITSTREAM/123456789/2021/1/76469.PDF
- Wedel, k. (2018). Depression, anxiety and family dysfunction in pregnancy. Synergia Medical Magazine, 3 (1), 3 – 8. Recovered from https: // www.Medigraphic.com/pdfs/synergy/RMS-2018/RMS181A.PDF
- Estévez, m. (2017). Nursing care in motherhood, childhood and adolescence. University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Publications and Scientific Dissemination Service. Recovered from https: // elibro.net/es/ereader/udla/57244?Page = 1
- Larrosa, p. (2015). Psychological aspects in the attention to the pregnant woman in the CAIF centers of Montevideo. (Thesis). University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay. Recovered from https: // www.Colibri.Udelar.Edu.oh/jspui/handle/20.500.12008/5805
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