Pharmacies in Chile currently
Introduction
Pharmacies in Chile are currently governed by a free trade economic context, during the military government the circuit law was repealed, which announced that pharmacies could not establish a close to another less than 400 meters. This change in the law allowed pharmacies to be established close to each other, which I believe a spirit of competence between them.
This is why there is currently a free trade model regarding the medication where they offer: promotions, discounts, agreements with AUGES and a large number of benefits for obtaining the medication more accessible. Thanks to this and the scientific advance of technologies that manufacture medications is that the role of the pharmaceutical chemist is currently relegated during their professional practice in pharmacies primarily to the administration and advertising area over those of your scientific knowledge.
At the time the pharmaceutical chemist is incorporated in pharmacies, its main approach was the preparation the necessary medications for the patient in a personalized way, but currently thanks to technology we can manufacture medications at the industrial level, which translates into a huge amountof medications manufactured daily and the pharmaceutical chemist adapting to these changes began to focus more on pharmaceutical care over the personalized manufacture of medications. In Chile there are scarce of pharmaceutical chemists, so this career has taken strength in universities.
Currently, Chemistry and Pharmacy in Chile is experiencing an expansion of universities that teach this career, in 2015 it was taught at the University of La Frontera and in 2018 the Autonomous University of Chile gave the race at its headquarters in Talca,Temuco and Santiago. What can happen is that, high employability indices tend to decrease given to a saturation of professionals, which can be projected in the future, however, the low amount of pharmacy could open a solution.
Why is this little amount? In Chile, because pharmacies are located in strategic sites, where they acquire the best efficiency in sales remember the mercantilist model of the country;Mauricio Huberman, the State in recent years has generated more than a thousand kit. With this law, these enclosures will be transformed into pharmacies that include a pharmaceutical chemist. Nor have all work schedules be covered in the Primary Health Care Centers (PHC) and in pharmacies. On the other hand, Huberman argues that a factor to consider is the low number of pharmacies in the territory, where Chile is one of the countries with the lowest pharmacy rate per person in the OECD. ‘It seems that there are many pharmacies, but what happens is that one is built in each corner with a greater flow of people.
For the human being, the use or consumption of medicines achieves a longer life and a better quality of life, but what happens when the medication begins to be consumed more repeatedly?, Currently in our society the unregulated consumption of medicines has become more common than is thought, starting from how easy it is to get them without being supervised by a health professional, lately getting medications illegally has increased fromA considerable way, with the simple fact of knowing that they can be obtained from social networks to population stores, is something that is already very worrying, one of the main objectives of this research at the specific point of irresponsible and excessive consumptionIt is to be able to show based on acts and figures today to guide people of how detrimentRejection of the medication due to abusive consumption, experimenting a problem of over dose, among others. Our society is not very informed about the collateral damage that the irresponsible consumption of medicines brings and with this article it is planned to raise awareness about the problem that is experienced today.
During the month of May 2008, the National Economic Prosecutor (FNE) Enrique Vergara Vidal began an investigation to the three main pharmaceutical chains for reasons for collusion of prices between the Cruz Verde Pharmacy, Pharmacy Salcobrand and Ahumada Pharmacy. Among the medicines investigated by the FNE there are more than 222, which are divided into more than 36 different categories.
These actions brought consequences, such as changes in pharmaceutical policies in Chile, in the first instance focusing on guaranteeing the population accessibility to the so -called proven quality medications, at prices that generate competition in the pharmaceutical market, bringing with them the lowCosts.
Following the recently exposed, the need to develop a pharmaceutical policy based on three approaches considered as fundamental, such as: access to medications, rational use and the quality of these. Although these points have been present in national policies;For some professionals in the sector, there is an opinion that it has been implemented with isolated and disjointed measures, with which it has responded to situations of high public connotation, such as the cases of collusion of pharmacies, which preceded the promulgation ofThe Drug Law I.
In Chile, concern in the population persists and in different entities in charge, for the excessive price reached by some medications in the country, understanding that this factor constitutes an important access barrier for those who wish to acquire them. Hence, the promotion of genericians and advances in bioequivalence have become a fundamental component of the construction of a national medication policy.
On this basis the Law of Drugs I (Law 20.724) changed the way to prescribe medications, establishing that authorized professionals must consign the commercial (or brand) name of the drug and the generic denomination of the bioequivalent drug. However, after its implementation, the need to implement new adjustments has been seen so that it can meet the proposed objectives. Hence, during the discussion of the drug project II, a new definition of the medical recipe that forces the use of the International Common Denomination (DCI) has been proposed, without referring to the Fantasy Denominations. This also establishes the obligation to have a pharmaceutical petition that indicates the generic medicines that must necessarily be available to the public.
Developing
When the so -called circuit law was established in the 60s, pharmacies were unique since only the installation of new pharmacies based on an establishment for every five thousand inhabitants was allowed, and by fraction of five thousand, in special casesand true public convenience, not being able to be located less than 400 meters from one already existing . In addition, a fixed opening schedule and an established price for medicines and drugs were stipulated, this price regularization assured the pharmacy owner profits between 20% to 30%. These points were regularized and controlled by him, at that time. Ministry of Health, Welfare and Social Assistance. Even so, in the 80s at the time of the Government of Augusto Pinochet thanks the repeal of this law, which was mostly exploited by drug stores and chain pharmacies, it was allowed to increase the concentration of these in the central part, although stoppingSmall communes of Chile since it did not suit the chains. And having the freedom of price management allowed them to negotiate better conditions and develop their company model. This is why the community and independent pharmacy was strongly affected.
After irregularities suffered at the public level, as was the flame collusion of pharmacies in 2009;Since then in Chile the measures to regularize and also guaranteeing the population access towards low -prices medicines were sought. One of the first movements in pharmaceutical policy was the so -called drug law promulgated on January 18, 2014, which I point, among other approaches, to legislate on, pharmacies, medications, health professionals and health care establishments, adheringdecrees and regulations that will govern articles related to these issues. The entity responsible for supervising compliance with the new standards established in pharmaceutical policies is the Institute of Public Health (ISP) in the Metropolitan Region, while in regions that work is fulfilled by the corresponding health seremis.
After promulgation, the new law brought changes to be made, where the most relevant are the changes;In the form of prescription, this requires that professionals write down on behalf of the generic drug in all recipes issued;Similarly, for pharmacies, the new law aims to keep the population informed by forcing them for the sale of bioequivalent, to keep the prices and names of the medication always informed in their container, ending the so -called Cinnamon Practice;sanctioning the commission associated with certain products. The advertising of medications that require recipes in mass media and medications that do not require recipe is also prohibited, they will be available in pharmacies or pharmaceutical warehouses, since it is stipulated that communes without pharmacies can install mobile pharmacies to get therea better way to the population.
Changes such as the newly observed are what brought with it the so -called drug law aiming to regularize and avoid tragic events for public health and user information. Since the promulgation of these new implementations, the need to implement new adjustments has been seen so that it can meet the proposed objectives. Hence, during the discussion of the draft drug law II, which maintained most of the laws of the Pharmacos I Law, but, in addition, a new definition of the medical recipe has been proposed that “obliges the use of theInternational Common Denomination (DCI), without referring to fantasy denominations.
This also establishes the obligation to have a pharmaceutical petition that indicates the generic medicines that must necessarily make available to the public;This seeks to change high price drugs to some cheaper, in addition to a medication price observatory. Together with the initiative to authorize and promote the sale of medicines in other established establishments, pointing promptly to the greatest establishments in the retail, supermarkets, in the same way there is an alert call to this measure since, the desire to createMore access towards medicines to a population that does not have a culture close to these, can bring more consequences than good results, based on the fact that although there is a history that has worked in other countries, we also have information that in Argentina has retreated in thisLine, since medicines poisoning are an alert, in addition to this, the sale of medicines in supermarkets brings with it a fall in independent pharmacies only by accessibility.
So, the creations of the new pharmaceutical policies in Chile is doing little by little, Chile entered an evaluation period which leads to a second promulgation that is expected to have better conditions and regulations, which have found the negative negative pointsof the previous promulgations in pharmaceutical policies, and a good drug law can be reached that guarantees apart from access to medication, patient health and seen as such, as patients, not as customers, so thatLet’s not bring together with new laws worse conditions for users as could be future cases of poisoning for free access to medicines that do not require a recipe, in an uninformed population.
The consumption of medications irresponsibly is the result of the misinformed population, as a result of the fact that in recent years the approach of pharmacies has been clearly economic focusing only on sale and not on concern towards patients, thanks to this theAverage people who consume medications regularly without the need for a medical recipe as it should be increased considerably from the economic angle, the market is an efficient resource allocation system, since it is able to coordinate the individual plans of thedifferent economic agents (producers, distributors, consumers, etc.) on the basis of freedom and need, expressed in the concurrence of the supply and demand that conditions the amount produced of each good and its price.
A plan to improve is this case is that the implant government a law that forces to regularize prices among all pharmacies, regardless of whether it is chain or a community pharmacy, devising a more focused market plan on the patient where medicationsDo not be seen as another consumer good, thus the health professionals in charge of a pharmacy would set aside sales to be able to give more careful care to each patient and thus inform each of them the consumption risks of each medication specificallyin order to stop or reduce the consumption of drugs irresponsibly. It should be noted that from the point of view of health protection as a constitutional social law, the purely economic-mechanistic register of the market as an efficient resource allocation mechanism is an incomplete premise.
The safety of a medicine is given by a series of protocols and inspections from the time of its manufacture until it is consumed by the patient to achieve a therapeutic effect. The manufacture of medicines at an industrial level is due to the demand for medicines by the population, which is why the safety protocol to verify the quality of these medications is through random review within a lot of the final product, laterto approve all the requirements for the correct elaboration, that this ensures the quality of the medication that will be dispensed to the public.
In spite of the aforementioned, the last security barrier between the medicine and the patient is the pharmaceutical chemist present in the pharmacy and consequently the social importance of pharmacies is of a high priority, which is reflected in the factthat the pharmacy always seeks a correct dispensation to the patient of medicines that achieves the existence of an instance of pharmaceutical care, which must have the purpose of seeking the education of the population over medications, a correct pharmacological therapy and must promote rational useof medications.
When studying chemistry and pharmacy during the 5 years of the formal duration of the race, later one can have a pharmaceutical specialization with which one can perform more easily and be able to achieve a job in the desired area thanks to the specialty obtained by eachOne, there are 5 types of pharmaceutical specialties: the clinical pharmacy, public health, forensic laboratory, clinical laboratory and hospital pharmacy. Each of these different but not less special than the other.
The clinical pharmacy is according to ConaceF as: pharmaceutical specialization dedicated to prevention and solving problems associated with the use of medicines, at different levels of care. This is addressed by interventions aimed at cost-effectively to the achievement of therapeutic objectives, identifying situations of medication risk, verifying the safety, tolerability and effectiveness of medicines, optimizing pharmacotherapy and executing health promotion actions aimed atconservation, maintenance and improvement of patient’s quality of life.
The role that is met in public health in the same way is defined by Conacef as: the mastery of pharmaceutical specialization dedicated to planning, implementing, managing and evaluating the pharmaceutical services incorporated into the integrated networks of health services (RISS) and the system ofHealth, contributing to the protection of health, population and environmental safety.
The Forensic Laboratory Conacef defines it as: it is necessary, effective and safe. In addition, it is responsible for supporting the administration of justice through the application of knowledge in the different branches of legal medicine (development of expert opinions) and generating quality technical advice to the Courts of Justice and Public Ministry. Develop functions in the following areas, with respect to which it must be able to perform the actions that in each case sign, displaying the knowledge and skills indicated.
The clinical laboratory is defined as: clinical perspective, laboratory processes, both scientific and technical and administrative. This, in order to provide quality exams, in a timely manner and that support the diagnosis in different areas of health, considering the most efficient, effective and safe technologies. In the domains in which it is developed, perform the actions that ensure the conditions for efficient management of the different areas of a laboratory, favoring interaction with the clinical equipment and generating the recommendations that support the diagnosis and monitoring of the patient. Likewise, it must ensure the conditions to achieve the technical quality of the procedures in the different laboratory specialties, favoring the interaction with the clinical equipment and generating the recommendations that support the diagnosis and monitoring of the patient.
And finally the hospital pharmacy that its definition is: pharmaceutical specialization dedicated to the provision of pharmaceutical services in the selection, preparation, acquisition, storage, control, dispensation, information and monitoring of pharmacological therapy, among othersActivities aimed at guaranteeing the efficient and safe use of medicines and health products, for the benefit of patients treated in the network of public and private hospital care centers, and in their field of influence.
conclusion
Today, the medicine lost its fundamental role in society as a health instrument and became considered by the vast majority as a consumption good, thus modifying the perception of society against the role of the pharmaceutical chemist as a professional fromhealth. Given the possible changes in the law, such as the Drug Law 2, this perception that the medicine is only a consumer good becomes a reality that does not stop impressing all professional pharmaceutical chemicals that understand the social role of the social role ofmedicine and the importance of good manipulation of this same.
Faced with facts such as the collusion of pharmacies that increased the price of medicines and the high consumption of psychotropics and other narcotics like these among minors and schools, it is clear that the pharmacy must be understood as a health instrument andthat the role of the pharmaceutical chemist must be the same as any health professional and not that of one oriented to the simple dispensing of medicines in exchange for money.
In Chile there is currently a coming of the chemistry and pharmacy career, having increasingIf they are recognized abroad like Europe and Australia. The education of future pharmaceutical chemicals must be very closely linked to a business name and in pursuit of the patient’s well -being despite the economic context that governs pharmacies today in Chile and the importance of their role in society must be understoodCurrent doctor.
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