Overweight And Childhood Obesity, Youth And Diabetes Risk

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Overweight and childhood obesity, youth and diabetes risk

Introduction

It is known that a risk factor in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM II) in adults is obesity. However, there are few studies that relate DM II with childhood obesity.

The latest data indicates an increase in the prevalence of DM II in children and adolescents around the world in all ethnicities (2).

Goal

Knowing whether overweight and childhood obesity is a risk factor for DM II.

Data sources

In Pubmed using mesh, the search with PubMed Search Builder: Pubmed (mesh): (‘Diabetes mellitus, type 2 ′ [mesh]) and‘ overweight ‘[mesh] [mesh] [mesh] [mesh] [mesh] [mesh] [mesh] [mesh] [mesh] [mesh] [mesh] [mesh] [mesh] [mesh] [mesh]. Age filters (0 to 18 years), publication date (last 5 years) and type of article (meta -analysis and systematic reviews) have been used).

In Cochrane Library, useful results have been obtained searching "Title Summary Keyword: Obesity overweight Diabetes 2"

In Trip Database the key search words have been "Overweight Childhood Risk Type 2 Diabetes". Finding the same result as in Pubmed Mesh with a Key Primary Research.

In Pediaclic using the keywords “Obesity Child Overweight Risk Type 2 Diabetes” articles that had not appeared in previous searches have been located.

Selection of studies

Study 1: Changes in the weight situation from childhood to adulthood were investigated to see if it was associated with the risk of DM II in adulthood in adulthood. The study population were 62.565 Danish men with pesos and heights registered at age 7 and 13 and also in the early adulthood of 17 to 26 years. With these data, the criteria of overweight and obesity were established according to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Through the National Health Registry, DM II diagnoses were obtained from 30 years. It is a retrospective study of cohorts.

STUDY 2: 369 electronic medical records were analyzed.362 children aged 2 to 15 who had registered the values of body mass index (BMI) and DM II diagnoses. This is a retrospective cohorts study. In addition, a study of cases and controls was carried out jointly where for each child with diabetes it was matched with other children at random control of the same age and sex. With the data, the risks of developing diabetes were estimated according to BMI ranges.

Main results

Study 1: 62.565 men included in the study, 6.710 (10.7%) received a diagnosis of DM II. The overweight at any age was positively associated with the risk of DM II. Taking as a reference group those that had never had overweight (CRI: 1), those who had overweight at age 7, but not at later ages did not have a higher risk of DM II in early adulthood (CRI: 0.96; IC 95: 0.75 to 1.21). Those who had overweight at 7 and 13 years, but not during early adulthood did have a higher risk (CRI: 1.47; IC 95: 1.10 to 1.98), although less than that of which theOverweight was persistent (CRI: 4.14; IC 95: 3.57 to 4.79). BMI percentile increases between 7 years and early adulthood were associated with a higher risk of DM II, even among men whose weight had been normal at 7 years.

Study 2: It was observed that obese children constituted almost 50% (n = 308 of 654) in cases of DM II and that they have almost four times more likely to have DM II than those with a normal BMI: Odds Ratio 3,8 (IC 95: 3.1 to 4.6).

conclusion

Study 1: Child overweight is considered a risk factor if it is maintained from 7 years to puberty or subsequent ages, instead the risk is reduced if overweight refers before puberty and remains in adulthood in adulthood. The overweight during the period that covers from the age of 13 to early adulthood (regardless of overweight at 7 years) is associated with a higher risk of DM II than the development of subsequent overweight.

Study 2: The study also confirms the strong relationship between obesity and type 2 diabetes in children. This fact reinforces the need to find ways to promote lifestyles and healthy habits in childhood, together with educational initiatives for families, in order to minimize the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

Both studies have great credibility of scientific evidence showing that there is a relationship between obesity and DM II. Together, this finding is important for the promotion of health and warns of a possible epidemic of early DM II as a direct consequence of childhood obesity.

Bibliography

1. Arslanian s. Type 2 Diabetes in Children: Clinical Aspects and Risk Factor. Concu. 2002; 57 SUPPL 1: 19-28. Review. Pubmed PMID: 11979018.
2. Reinehr t. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adoen. World J Diabetes. 2013 Dec 15; 4 (6): 270-81. DOI: 10.4239/WJD.V4.i6.270. Review. Pubmed PMID: 24379917;PMCID CENTRAL PUBMD: PMC3874486.
3. Bjerregaard LG, Jensen BW, ängquist L, Osler M, Sørenn Tia, Baker JL. CHANGE IN OVERWEIGHT FROM CHILDHOOD TO EARLY ADULTHOOD AND RISK OF TYPE 2 DIABETES. N English J Med. 2018 Apr 5; 378 (14): 1302-1312. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMOA1713231. Pubmed PMID: 29617589.
4. Abbasi A, Juszczyk D, Van Jaarsveld Chm, Gulliford MC. Body Mass Index and Incident Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes in Children and Young Adults: A Retrospective Cohort Study. J Endoc Soc. 2017 Apr 25; 1 (5): 524-537. DOI: 10.1210/JS.2017-00044.Ecollection 2017 May 1. Pubmed PMID: 29264507;PMCID CENTRAL PUBME: PMC5686575.