Osmosis and its history in Spain
Introduction
Before entering the subject we will make a small introduction about what we are going to talk about throughout all the work to get into a situation. The main purpose of this work is to explain in depth the current situation of desalination in Spain and to a lesser extent the current situation worldwide. First we will explain how the origin of desalination was, because it was necessary and because this process was so important.
Then we will explain how the evolution of desalination has been over time, both in Spain and in the world. Finally, we will talk about the objectives and the current situation, and finally we will show results with a series of graphs and data, to end a small final conclusion.
Developing
To understand the origin of the desalination process before, we must highlight the importance of water for the human being and the environment. Water is the most important natural resource on the planet, it is so important that without this life on Earth would not be possible, which is why the presence of this resource has been key to conditioning population settlements of both the human being and of themajority of species.
Throughout history in general there has. Therefore it is believed that since ancient times man already tried the first form of thermal desalination replacing the energy produced by the sun by fire.
Desalination consists of eliminating salt from salt water especially from the sea to obtain fresh water. The human being already in the prehistory had raised the fact of obtaining fresh water from the salt water, they saw how seawater evaporated by the action of the sun, it formed the clouds and then the water that fell from the clouds inform of rain was fresh water that could be ingested perfectly.
The first references of desalination can be found between 700 and 500 to.C. by such from Miletus and between 300 and 500 to.C, by Democritus. But it was not until the second or third century after Christ when Alejandro de Aphrodisias first described the distillation process. In the Middle Ages several authors cited desalination and in the Modern Age there were great advances and scientific studies.
The main cause was the huge sea trips that were made for commercial purposes, since these trips forced the crews to accelerate their learning on how to obtain fresh water from sea water. At the beginning of the 19th century, the main methods of desalination, solar evaporation, distillation and freezing were already known.
Freezing
The first desalination plant that is known was built in Egypt at the beginning of the 20th century, in the mid -twentieIt was until the 80s when the first commercial membrane appeared starting the era of reverse osmosis.
conclusion
In Spain as in the rest of the world at the beginning, thermal desalination plants were built and as membrane technology advanced the reverse osmosis was implanting. The beginnings of desalination in Spain occurred in the Canary Islands, in the 60s the first floor was built in Lanzarote.
In the 70s with the oil crisis it was necessary to investigate and find new methods to reduce the energy expenditure of the desalinationiners, as we said before, it was in the 80s when the first membranes appeared and when the reverse osmosis begins to predominate as. Already in the 90s, Spain dedicated itself to investigating different ways to reduce energy consumption and it was not until 2003 when the first large plant was built in the Insurance Basin.
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