Origin of the Ecuadorian indigenous movement
The indigenous movement originated in order for indigenous peoples to be recognized as a national identity, as well as their rights and opportunities, in such a way that oppressions, racism, abuses, exploitation and all the different abuses that haveComing facing, for which he led them to look for resistance mechanisms since the time of Spanish colonization in 1492.
During that period some surveys originated, especially in the Sierra Ecuadorian region. They emerged as a form of response to the advances of estates, as well as the elimination of communities, the mobilization and settlement of new agricultural exploitation areas. According to (Larrea, 2011) "The Ecuadorian indigenous movement since its birth has been primordial actors for the country" (P.5)
This movement after its difficult surveys that have originated, has been considered in such an essential way, since, they have contributed in different areas, but especially it has been to the development and defense of rights, identity and culture, with the collaboration of leadersthat contributed for their creation, fighting for indigenous ideology, their ancestral wisdom and moral authority.
The fact that indigenous peoples could see the force that I manage to take through mobilizations was unbelievable for some groups, since, they started from logics, conceptions and objectives of different intervention, such as the Church, the State, the political parties of the left andNon -governmental, development organizations in the indigenous organizational process.
According to (Sánchez, 2010) affirms the following:
There have been many years of resistance that indigenous peoples endured, but for the emergence of the indigenous movement in Ecuador as a social subject, it began with the struggle for the destruction of the estate system, which until the decade of the 50s monopolized a greatpart of the Sierra Ecuadorian region. (p.twenty)
The Treasury system was about a double exploitation relationship with indigenous peasant people, the first was with the Huasipungueros who work for the hacienda in exchange for lots and the second was with mifundistas from nearby communities who had to do hard work so that they canaccess to water, grass, roads, and among other resources, but with the agrarian reform a considerable transformation of the Treasury regime arose.
According to (Larrea, 2011) ”Indigenous movements in Ecuador have been obtaining greater weight since the 1990s, one of the uprisings that became visible to society is that occurred in 1990” (P.7). This lifting was very representative, since, it originated from the crisis of the economy and the social impact of policies, in this organizational process the strong antineoliberal struggle was evidenced.
The indigenous movement arose between the sixties and seventies, but since the 1990s, the indigenous movement constitutes the referent of social movements in Ecuador raising serious questions to a model of democracy that shows that it was exclusive, it isSay the indigenous peoples had no development opportunity, since the development would be forged on them. Many organizations were highlighted for the emergence of the indigenous movement such as Ecuarunari, Confeniae, Conacnie and Conaie
Development of the Ecuadorian indigenous movement
The development that the indigenous movement has had until today, has been forged through the formation of organization and representatives, such as the formation of the Ecuadorian Federation of Indians (FEI) that was intended to end the abuses of the estateagainst the natives. Gradually these organizations have managed to have weight to reach the recognition of rights and identity.
According to the Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador (Conaie, 2017), it affirms the following: “In the year of 1944 the FEI is constituted, with an advice by the Communist Party, collecting in its name unions, communes and indigenous movement to restrictThrough different ways the abuse of landowners.
Research has been conducted through stories or stories of some people or exhasipungueros, regarding the struggle of the lands and rights of the Huasipungos, in some of the stories they have announced that the indigenous people if they knew about the fei, but they could notto have contact, since they were prohibited and also threatened to burn their crops, kill their flocks and among other threats that intimidated the natives, since the masters of the haciendas feared the indigenous survey promoted by the FEI.
In the process of developing the Ecuadorian indigenous movement, he had certain criticisms, since, according to (Altmann, 2014), he affirms “La Fei had a conception of racism and the importance of ethnicity” (P.two). For this reason, over time some union organizations lost representativeness also including the National Confederation of Peasants, Indigenous and Black Fenocin. The emergence of new organizations originated much more strongly the ethnic tendency, since these had the struggle for the ethnic interests of indigenous people without the totality of racism as happened with other organizations with other organizations.
In the year of 1972 the Ecuarunari (Confederation of Peoples of the Kichwa Nationality of Ecuador) emerged in the Sierra;In 1980 the Confeniae (Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of the Ecuadorian Amazon) in the Amazon, and at the beginning of the eighties the Coordination Council of the Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador (Conacnie) that would reveal in 1986 in the Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador was formed(Conaie) in such a way that in that year the birth of the Ecuadorian indigenous movement was officially considered as a national representative of twelve indigenous nationalities in the country (Larrea, 2011).
CONAIE was mainly an outstanding organization and that over time was developed by deploying forces to resolve the conflicts of land and territories of the indigenous people, since, since time of colonization, these conflicts arose, which unfairly took away their lands, their lands, their lands were removed,But with the agricultural reforms, changes could be evidenced, but in recent years conflicts were stilltogether with the CONAIE they achieved the recognition and valuation of the same.
At this point it is important to emphasEcuadorian in a multicultural and multi -ethnic way, but with the new Constitution until now it is recognized as plurinational and intercultural, in this way as well as collective rights and obligations for indigenous peoples are already stipulated under a supreme law, such as the Constitution,which speaks of good living, inclusion, and not to discrimination for all Ecuadorians in different areas.
References
- Altmann, p. (2014). A brief history of the organizations of the indigenous movement of Ecuador. Obtained from https: // magazines.Archeo-Ecuadorian.EC/ES/Notebooks-Investigacion/Notebooks-of-Research-12/295-A-Bree-History-of-Organizations-Del-Movimiento-Indigena-Del-Ecuador?Format = PDF
- Conaie. (2017). Indigenous organizations in our country. Obtained from https: // conaie.Org/2014/07/19/History-Connection/
- Larrea, a. (2011). The Ecuadorian indigenous movement: participation and resistance. CLACSO.
- Sánchez, J. (2010). The Ecuadorian indigenous movement. Quito: Abya-Yala.
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