Organic architecture, harmony between human being and nature
Frank l. Wright took and stressed the term organic architecture. The idea of this architectural style was to make construction derive directly from the natural environment. Organic or architectural organic architecture is a philosophy of architecture that promotes harmony between human being and the natural environment. Through design, seek to understand and integrate into the site, its context to become part of a unified and correlated composition. The architects Gustav Stickley, Antoni Gaudí, Frank Lloyd Wright, Alvar Aalto, Louis Sullivan, Bruce Goff, Rudolf Steiner, Bruno Zevi, Hunttwasser, Imre Makovecz and Antón Alberts are the greatest exponents of the so -called organic organic architecture.
Louis Sullivan, a teacher of Frank Lloyd Wright, wrote about organic architecture in his talk text of Kindergarten remembering his readers that organic means ‘living, means development’. He continued that ‘organic means looking for realities … organic is a protest against schizophrenia, against a schizophrenic culture.’For Sullivan, it represents a criticism of the American architecture of his moment that he considers‘ Timo with his nonsense … Functions without forms, forms without functions, details without relation to the mass and mass without relation to anything except nonsense. The term "organic architecture" was contrasted by the famous architect Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959):
Resilience
"Resilience" is a term with a long history within engineering, psychology and natural disaster management, most academics recognize that modern resilience theory had their origins in the field of ecology in the early years of the years of the years70. Since then, the term has been applied more and more in different areas, including risk management, adaptation to climate change, energy supply systems, financial markets, and urban planning, among others.
Resilience, as well as sustainability, has become a concept of fashion, used in a generalized way in different disciplines and policies, resulting in “conceptual ambiguity.”(…) In short, urban resilience is about adaptation and transformation.
Urban resilience is not just a policy or a program;It is the integration of a set of capacities and resources. Urban resilience can be used as a conceptual framework for urban planning. This framework requires certain elements to ensure its appropriate functioning in a defined context, maintaining its flexibility to adapt and transform against changing circumstances. (
Sustainability
The current concept of sustainability appears for the first time in the Brundtland report, published in 1987. Also called our common future, this document prepared for the United Nations alerted for the first time about the negative environmental consequences of economic development and globalization, trying to offer solutions to the problems derived from industrialization and population growth.
Sustainability is to assume that nature and the environment are not an inexhaustible source of resources, its protection and rational use being necessary;promoting social development seeking cohesion between communities and cultures to achieve satisfactory eminences in the quality of life, health and education, finally sustainability is to promote economic growth that generates equitable wealth for all without damaging the environment.
Therefore, environmental sustainability, social sustainability and economic sustainability are closely related. Therefore, many of the challenges faced by human being such as climate change or water shortage can only be resolved from a global perspective and promoting sustainable development.
Ecological landscape
The Ecology of the Landscape (Landscape Ecology) is a recent school of ecological thought, which has been consolidating from the 50s and 60’s. One of the predecessors and conceptualizers of this current of ecological thought was the German geographer K. Troll, who identified the need to arrive an exhaustive vision of ecosystems, in order to carry out appropriate studies that would better understand the operation of the landscape as a whole. It was nevertheless the naturalist to. Von Humboldt (1810), the first to use the concept of landscape (Landschaft, in German) in a scientific context, defining it as ‘the full character of a portion of the earth’.
Troll (1950) departed fundamentally from the premise, that the landscape is an integrated (holistic) entity, in the sense of being more than the sum of some biophysical and anthropic components interacting (climate, lithology, soil, vegetation, human activities,), for this reason to conceive and study as such. To achieve this objective, he understood and assumed the convenience of complement.
Mangrove swamp
The mangrove ecosystem, is defined as the set of mangrove trees (Rhisophora sp) that are located in areas adjacent to the coast, primarily in riverblocks, lagoons, estuaries, land with flat reliefs and periodically cloudy and partially flooded by waters relativelyQuiet in mouths, islands or islets where the high tap and low sea is not differentiated. The mangrove is an ecosystem adapted to the brackish soil and wet conditions, they are geographically distributed in the tropical strip where it is influenced by the tides, the forest can adapt to conditions of different salinity with very sweet water to hypersaline water from there its denomination ofhalophytes since they can support the combination of both. (Nicaraguans, 2018)
Mangrove forests are considered among the most vulnerable ecosystems of the planet tropical/subtropical band and subjected to diverse environmental tensioners in the continent/ocean interface (UNEP, 1994; Kjerfve and Macintosh, 1997; Yáñez-Arancibia and Lara-Domínguez,1999; Mitsch and Gosselink, 2000; Valiela et al., 2001;Duke et al., 2007: Twilley and Day, 2013;MITRA, 2013a, 2013b). All these authors agree that climate change has various components that act at different scales, being the most relevant: changes in the middle of the sea, flood events, tropical storms, rainfall, coastal erosion, ambient temperature and water,Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, coastal circulation pattern, ecological integrity of neighboring ecosystems, and social and economic influence associated with climate change.
Sustainable architecture
Sustainable architecture is a way to conceive the architectural design, so that it seeks to optimize natural resources and foundation systems to minimize the environmental impact of buildings on the environment and its inhabitants. Try to boost energy efficiency so that buildings do not generate unnecessary energy expend.
It is a way of conceiving the architectural design seeking to take advantage of the application of sustainable architecture Jeanmarie Tjibaou Cultural Center, Renzo Piano 1992-1998. |P a g i n a natural resources. In such a way to minimize the environmental impact of constructions on the natural environment and on the inhabitants. Many names have been given to this architecture but all seek the same objective that is to reflect on the environmental impact of all the processes involved in an architectural and urban project, from manufacturing materials (obtaining that does not produce toxic waste and does not consume muchenergy), the construction techniques that suppose a minimum environmental deterioration, its location within the field, the impact of this to its natural environment, if its energy consumption is not excessive and if at the end of its useful life it can be reused or return toWhere everything starts, nature to generate a life cycle .The simplest idea of sustainability or ecological design is to ensure that our actions and decisions do not inhibit today, the opportunities of future generations.
Habitat
The habitat concept has been developed mainly in the field of study of biology and subsequently adopted in the considerations developed in ecology. Subsequently, the term was extended including the human and the concept of human habitat that has evolved in its meaning since the 70s emerged. Of its assimilation as human settlements and more specifically as housing, it became related to the urban problems of cities and even to be a concept defined as a spatiality of society, until today it is already seen in a more comprehensive way. Now the habitat is understood not only from its physical dimension, but also from its political, economic, social and environmental dimension, and even as a condition to create a citizenship that makes possible a more democratic city. The concept of habitat and, in particular, of habitat management, refer to the investigation of solutions for overcoming social cracks and environmental imbalances through the building of new ways of relating to each other and with the environmentthat surrounds us.
In the analysis of organic architecture, the space patterns of association of ecosystems, and identify the conditions that determine them are sought to establish. Additionally, it is about being able to relate the current structural patterns with the very genesis of the landscape. In this front, we must aim to elucidate the general functional principles both physical and biological and cultural, which govern the formation of these spatial patterns.
The measures of spatial heterogeneity of the expressions that the landscape takes in different contexts, such as the diversity of ecosystems per unit of area, or contrasts between them, is an important field of analysis. Understand the causes and factors that determine it, such as substrate mosaicity or disturbance patterns (climatic, geomorphological, biotic, anthropogenic,), are fundamental to the extent that they allow linking the structure and function of the landscape.
References
- ACCIONA, b. A. (2019). Sustainability for all. ACCIONA, 1.
- Andrade c., Benítez l. (2009). Sustainable architecture in the architect’s formation. UNIVERSITY CITY.
- Córdova, m. AND. (2014). Habitat and architecture. Lime.
- Etter, Andres. (1991). INTRODUCTION TO THE ECOLOGY OF THE LANDSCAPE. Bogota.
- Fontcuberta, m. B. (2014). Sustainable architecture. Recerca Treball.
- Fundacionidea. (2017). Urban Resilence in Latin America. Idea Foundation.
- Giraldo. (2004).
- Nicaraguans, r. d. (2018). Nicaraguan themes. Nicaraguan Magazine.
- R.Ettinger, c. (2007). Organic architecture.
- Wright, f. L. (1939). Organic Architecture.
- Yáñez-Arancibia1, a. (2014). Manglares: Sentinel Ecosystem. Gulf of Mexico: Vol. 20, no. Special: 39-75 .
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