Narcolepsy, types, causes and symptoms
It is one of the diseases that occur when adducing from sleep disorders, usually occurs with excessive drowsiness, in addition to also being present suddenly at any time of the day regardless of the activity that is being carried out at a certain time, this being thissomewhat risky condition for the danger of being asleep suddenly, affecting the person’s lifestyle.
People who suffer from this evil are affected, since this causes episodes of numbness during the day, which makes the individual. On some occasions this can lead to complications in the student field, so that when the student relates to people he fell asleep.
It should be noted that these episodes can be given when the person is eating, talking, playing and in major circumstances when a car is being handled.
The cause of the appearance of this disease is not yet clear, it is known that it is a pathology of the hereditary type that affects the nervous system, which appears due to the deficiency of the fundamental protein of the brain called hypocretina (Medine.Plus, 2019).
Types of narcolepsy
Narcolepsia without cataplexia
In this type of narcolepsy it is identified by presenting due to excessive sleepiness paralysis, hypnagogical delusions and spontaneous behaviors, which makes people not have a beneficial dream.It is known that the cause of narcolepsia without cataplexia is unknown, but it is described that it is due to a decrease in hypocretin substance. The prevalence of this condition is discussed since it could be the same or worse than narcolepsia with catapling.
Narcolepsy with cataplexia
Narcolepsia with cataplexia refers to the sleep disorder generating muscle tone by pleasant emotions, this is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, plus the presence of certain sleep attacks without any control, usually occurs in ages of 10 to 10 to30 years without any reversal that is to say will be present life.
Causes
According to (La Vanguardia, 201904), the causes of narcolepsia are unknown, but it is described that it is due to a damage from neurons which produce a peptide called “hypocretin”, which is a substance that, if helping the brain to haveAn adequate vigil regulation, this process occurs in the hypothalamus. Neuron damage is generated by stress, disease, infections and allergies.
Symptoms
Narcolyptics mostly perceive different highly disturbing patterns that can be subtle and radically change over the years. One of the most significant symptoms in this condition is excessive diurnal drowsiness and cataplejía, which occurs in about 70% of people.
- Excessive daytime sleepiness: it is characterized by being a symptom that causes people to just perform their daily activities of life. Here individuals point out that this drowsiness is characterized by presenting energy, tiredness and mood deficits. In addition, in the case of students, it is a symptom negatively affects, since it makes those young people have a attention deficit in their academic days.
- Catoplejía: refers to the loss of muscle tone which generates several sensations among which this: loss of voluntary muscle control and weakness. These episodes tend to vary as duration and gravity, they can be generated at any time as longMaking a differentiation of great importance as it is, that the person who suffers from cataplejía will suffer serious episode without losing the ability to be aware of the environment that surrounds them on the contrary. Of convulsive disorders, which in this there is no awareness of the individual with the external environment. The wear. Neuron groups belonging to the brain stem pause their activities to be carried out when there is a sleep phase called REM, causing the inhibition of muscle movement.
- Sleep paralysis: sleep paralysis is called the impossibility of being able to move at your own will, as well as to be able to speak when they are asleep or as well as the time of waking us is common that the body is disabled from several of several ofIts functions being at the ReM sleep stage, since this is the stage of sleep where several of the muscle body activities are carried out involuntarily. This suppression that is carried out naturally does not matter in those people who do not suffer from sleeping problems can then rest normally unlike other people, because they enter a stage calling Rem generating, so enterIn this sleep cycle. When the person suffers from this situation, a similarity will occur to a paraplegic attack in which the body is affected as a whole. In the same way that people when they have the cataplejía, their bodies remain motionless, but with the senses totally enabled. We can say that both cataplejía and sleep paralysis are events that the person are of great terror, and much more when they happen for the first time. With great fear of not being able to move their body in a normal way, in many cases people are afraid to stay in that state forever or with the idea that they are dying. Anyway, even if it seems that the so -called sleep paralysis or cataplejía is serious, it has no side effect. After all the symptoms of sleep paralysis end the person can recover their mobility in a normal way and also to be able to speak naturally.
- Halfof the dream so that the hallucinations can occur, since they can occur when the person is beginning to fall asleep or also when the person is waking up. When hallucination happens when it begins to fall asleep, it is called hypnogonica, and when it occurs at the end of the dream it is called hipnopompicas, these hallucinations occur very rarely, but when they happen they are very traumatic and delusional and delusional. In many times hallucinations are purely visual, but in certain cases they are accompanied with any other meaning of the body. These are in a way another part of the parts that happen when the person enters the state, that is, dreaming inside the REM and awakening.
However, narcolypsy can be considered as a disorder given by the deficit that exists in the neurotransmission of a hormone called hypocretin that is in the hypothalamus caused by the suppression of some neurons that create the aforementioned peptide. According to investigations carried out by other authors, it is concluded that the cause by which a narcolepsy occurs is of unknown origin, but secondary symptoms can be given to a variation of the orexin system or also called hypocretin that fulfills the function of controlling aSleep cycle in particular (vigil)
It should be noted that one of the main factors for a narcolepsy to occur is the discovery of emotions of high magnitude caused by interpersonal differences, these individuals try to prevent reflecting their emotions through expressions which causes an increase in pressure of emotions
Bibliography
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