Monarchical absolutism in European history
The absolutist state
Explain when the State appears and many other questions related to that question is still profitable questions, because starting “understanding the structure, functioning and possibilities of improving legal machinery, it is a way to begin to glimpse the complex plotof the social fabric that surrounds human life ”.
The appearance of the State as we already saw was a construction of a space time line, in which it dazzles in the first place how humanity went through four society formations, starting with the primitive community, through the slave regime, continuing with thefeudal regime itself that would cover the object of this part of the essay, that is, the absolutist state and finally appearing the capitalist regime. However, in my view these four formations of society are still in force, because we still find forms of slavery when we look at child or elderly labor, we know that there is still a feudal society when some classes are still imposed on anotherputting religion above the current legal precepts and according to us we think of a secular regulation when just a few months ago discussed in the National Assembly of the Republic of Ecuador the abortion for rape and the precepts of the Church prevailed beforeWhat society requested.
It is also that humanity has traveled a long way from the primitive stone instruments to the complicated and gigantic machines of our day, that is, technological evolution. Work, material production constitutes the basis and determining factor of society development from primitive times to the present. It is then that we know that from the surplus private property is created and from it each person seeks to protect their surplus finally giving a third party called a state that protects my private property and that of others. At present, when we talk about surplus issues, we relate them to private property and cover civil law issues and when these surpluses belong to the State we talk about national goods.
The appearance of philosophy as a specific form of social consciousness corresponds to the time of universal history in which the primitive community regime was replaced by a more developed one, as was the slave regime in which initially you could not talk aboutState because here there was still no surplus, since this society lived every day, therefore, it took only what I was going to use. Thus, private property is historically manifested in three main forms: slave, feudal and capitalist, to which three fundamental forms of exploitation of man by man correspond. In society, whose material base is constituted by the Private Property Relations System, the economic base generates the antagonistic classes. In Absolutism the king owned everything even people so when the monarch sent to kill a person no one could question it because if he killed an employee they were owned by royalty.
To be able to locate in context of when the absolutist state was established, we will go back to the feudal organization in which the administrators of Justice were instruments with jurisprudence, science and philosophy content that was in line with the doctrines of thechurch. Thus, in the Middle Ages, due to the determining power of the Church that reaches its climax at the dawn of the thirteenth century, the canon law begins to be applied, law through which the Church went to regulate civil life spheres, whenWe talk about the aforementioned surplus, of criminal life when we talk about the cruelty of body penalties and the purpose of them was intimidation to exploited classes, therefore, penalties were unequal according to social classes.
The feudal organization determines the study of these disparities between social classes. According to Rodrigo Borja, he describes the absolutist state as “a specific form of organization of power that occurred during the 16th, seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, from the unification of European states that under the absolute monarchy governed until the French Revolution. It was a non -shared, centralized and despotic power, based on monarchical legitimacy, exempt from legal limitations and exemption from responsibilities, exercised hereditaryly and vitalically in the name of divinity, which ventured into all areas of social life ”.
As Rodrigo Borja details in the aforementioned, the absolutist state was born as a form of organization of power for the regulation of behaviors from the unification of European states as they are: Spain, England and France. But that this unification would obtain as main characteristics the centralization and despotism, this also mentions Thomas Hobbes in his book El Leviatán, but he raises it as a true salvation for a society in which his nature as the author calls man aBeing selfish and envious, which is always immersed in problems with each other, would give another the competition to decide for him and thus also what he decides to represent the desire of all to which they are in charge of. But when we talk about this representative in the absolutist state, it should be noted that this president is not any person, but that he would come from divinity and therefore his decisions would come from God himself, so not to obey them would be like not obeying God himself.
Thus, it is also recognized that although the absolutist State did not constitute a homogeneous historical period, “monarchical absolutism was a decisive force in European history from the peace of Westfalia to the French Revolution because with its political centralism the centrifugal tendencies of the main families of the main familiesNoble, eager for independence, and promoted the process of formation of the State as a new form of social organization, endowed with a central government, a bureaucracy at the service of the monarch, a mercenary army and a tax apparatus responsible for obtaining monetary resources for maintenanceof the Public Administration and the Royal House " . Absolutism was, in this sense, the origin of the modern state and responded to a historical need, which although Nino mentioned it in his book El Levitán while persisting natural law man could have done what he wanted with other men andEverything would be chaos, therefore this necessary evil in those times the king was actually very necessary to give themselves shortly to harm other people and thus also can protect them from strange people who want to appropriate their surplus through thearmies that these monarchs had at their disposal.
Bibliography
- Borja, r. (2018). Policy encyclopedia .
- Hobbes, t. (1651). Leviathan. England.
- Nino, c. (2003). Introduction to law analysis. Buenos Aires: Astrea.
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