Modernism and its impact on modern art
Introduction
Modernism had a different effect on each European country since it was linked to the level of industrialization of each. Its main character was to constitute a fundamental and recognized beginning of the architectural reality that transmitted the great cultural heritage of the nineteenth century, as well as in paintings, crafts, customs, consumption habits and publicities. This style was an expression of the bourgeois culture and its aestheticism, and demanded the class struggle, while the beauty of manufactured products would compensate for the deepest and substantial demand of the artisanate that were dissatisfied. This style is considered the conclusion of an evolution of cultural problems and variations of taste in men.
Developing
Characteristics in modernism
Menpes Visito Japan and dedicated himself to portraying scenes of the daily life of the streets and their characters, especially Japanese women in urban life. Menpes House was made a reformulation of Japanese domestic architecture, low furniture and double -height spaces, modulated interior and decorative patterns. The space was conceived as a great vacuum with different movable panels that generated a spatial opening. Japanese had arrived in England, there is no emphasis on the stylistic issue, but in the composition of the facade based on elements such as windows and cornices. From this it went to abstraction. Interior decoration here is absolutely stripped and does not center in that question.
In exterior architecture the most notable contribution of modernism is linked to its fondness for iron. In the same, he had the merit of restoring manual work and applied art. The example of modernist experimentation in iron is the most prominent iron is the Samaritaine gallery has a decorative load on the interior, especially the main staircase. The ductility of iron in architecture, especially aimed at universal exhibitions created to attract public attention. And where creativity and artistic freedom had no limits.
The American scenario
With the Chicago school that constituted a collection of indisputable technical conquests and stylistic ambitions, ranging from the Romanesque neo to the neo -decorative search. American production can be related to the tendency of iron skeleton buildings that allocated the entire architectural program to the structural solution. In the city, there was a great fire and had to be rebuilt, this tragedy became the opportunity to experience iron technology in construction.
Linear accentuation above all other linguistic components, as well as the use of iron that its industrial profile of profiles allowed its varied use and maximum diversity in linear conformations. The use of the same with brick walls gave rise to the tendency to use many and diverse materials in the same building, generating a chromatic variety on the exteriors to melt architecture with nature.
General lines of modernism
You can identify three currents, the medieval current embodied by Gaudi and Mackintosh, the classicist current embodied by Wagner, Olbrich and Hoffman and, finally, an embodied vernacular with Van de Velde. In this way two morphological currents could be identified. An organizational and a geometric as a psychological matrix in common.
Vernacular current – Van de Velde believed that the branches of art share a common language and are important for human existence. The ornament was a logical element of total work and the result of formal and structural considerations. His representations evolved from plants and other reasons for an abstract style, the forms of objects were covered, and rebellion against classification was a moral rebellion. He stood out in Germany in the German Modernism version. In its manuscript of ornaments its sources of inspiration are observed, you conceived the line as a creative carrier force of human energy. His publication of Nietzsche’s work "Ecce Homo" and the specific design for that publication was highlighted.
In Van de Velde’s society for the popularization of construction and ornamentation, I also build a factory for the production of interior furniture. He called his structuring artistic will and circulated the new design theories, defining the use of the machine for a new beauty style. It was criticized for showing the facilities, something that was not usual at the time, and Morris’s influence caused the renewal of ornamentation and decorative arts to cause.
Classicist current – Hoffman was in charge of the art of the magazine that adopted English picturesque and compatible with the curves of the Belgian Art Nouveau. Develop the custom of designing on grid leaves looking for a functional and delicate style, dedicated to the consumption of the bourgeoisie. The Viennese secession building was destined for exhibitions. His laurel coup was made in honor of Apollo, the entrance decorated with the gorgons that symbolized art, culture and architecture was an attribute to Athena the goddess of wisdom, victory and crafts and, finally, the plantlow that revealed exterior volumes with their simplicity.
Medieval – Gaudi current reflecting in their works the mixtures of styles and the variety of materials, built with bare stone rustic red bricks and tiles of smooth and print ceramics, with criteria of great decorative freedom. I tried to solve the works in models. For example, the Bellesguard house was inspired by a medieval castle that was on the same ground and work to preserve its spirit. Mila Casa Facade of undulating car lag that connects to the internal structure by curved beams that generate the perimeter and iron balconies. He left the construction code, generating large openings, free plants at each level and a lot of light.
In France, a stylistic division or an artistic program was not reached, which united artists was Paris converted into a cultural phenomenon. The modernist decorative variant reached a climax. So much so that Guimard created the Metro de Paris stations. It was sought to create elements for a mass of mass transport, its location in the middle of the street was a novel and transcendent issue at the time. The formal variety in stations, railings and posters designed as an organic set. It was a synthesis of different artistic cultures.
conclusion
From my point of view, modernism tried the renewal and artisanal improvement applying it to the machine, but especially with refined ways to achieve a more pleasant, elegant, cheerful and modern city. The style also manages to have its own branches, generating a diversity that, today, remains an inspiration for these new "modern times". From the architecture the importance of details was changed, Gaudi with his romanticism leaving a mark or also Wagner that includes details and I do not spare in experimentation, works which are more valued every day. It is not a coincidence that all resolutions have subsequently inspired Lloyd Wright who, taking Chicago and its great explosion of novel works, has given them the ability to create, throughout their career, various works where the picture is observedof modernism such as in Larkin Building Buffalo that I use dark brick to work and stood out for its innovation in its exterior that evidence.
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