Migration and lack of opportunities in Mexico
Introduction
Migration in Mexico is mainly due to the lack of opportunities, as well as unemployment in the country, as well as the idea of the American dream that has been formed over the years and has passed from generation to generation to generation. People, mainly of the lower class, tend to migrate, because they look for a better life with better opportunities. If the government could provide education and employment to these people, they would not feel the need to find something in another country, since they would have the necessary resources to achieve a good quality of life.
Developing
Mexico and our neighboring country, United States, share a lot of history. For a long time, people have been crossing the border in search of a better lifestyle with better opportunities. Mexicans are clearly workers, and are willing to risk and leave everything to look for something better. With their skills and skills, they could have taken place in a well -regulated labor market and that will provide benefits to both countries, but it is not the case, since lately most labor has been moving in a black market,harming workers, families, security and public finances in both countries.
Of the 11.7 million Mexicans living in the United States, almost half reside in that country illegally, this is because governments do not regulate labor effectively. According to analysis, among the reasons that make people want to migrate to the United States, they include poverty and lack of opportunities. At the microeconomic level, work reasons are the main cause of migration in Mexico.
Migration is related to an exclusive development model that makes migration the only viable survival option for a large part of the population, which, as already mentioned, is in search of a solution and a better life.
According to FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations), “a territorial development look is essential to promote more inclusive and equitable rural development processes."
FAO and ECLAC (Economic Commission for Latin America) have worked together with the purpose of “identifying and characterizing the main territories of origin, for the construction of rural development proposals, taking advantage of their extensive experience to have a good economic, territorial and territorial dynamicsThe closure of gaps in investment, gender, productivity, connectivity and educational quality.”These institutions have promised to make available to the governments of El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Mexico their help to contribute to the implementation and creation of new public policies that may face the problem. It is of higher priority to protect these migrants, since they are extremely vulnerable due to the conditions and situations they face day by day. Migrants are more likely to be victims of abuses and human rights violations. The protection of their human rights is one of the greatest challenges of public policies in Latin America.
Approximately 2 million Mexicans left the country between 2000 and 2005, and at the same time Mexico received a large number of immigrants who came from Central America in search of work.
“BBVA Bancomer presented the Migration and Remittance Yearbook Mexico 2017, prepared in collaboration with the National Population Council (CONAPO). The document estimates that in 2016 there were 12 million Mexican migrants in the United States. Of these, 58% are married or live with their partner, 17% do not speak any English, 86% entered that country before 2006, that is, they have more than 10 years residing in that country, and only 1.9 millionThey entered the American Union between 2006-2015."
INEGI data show that 92 out of every 100 men migrated in search of or by employment. The percentage of women who migrate for the same reason approximately half of the men, so it can be said that the reason that predominates in migration is work. Another cause is the union of the family, and this is where minor children get involved, since on many occasions they migrate in search of one of their parents who had previously left their country of origin. The "dreamers" are young people who were taken from an early age by their parents outside the country and generally have higher levels of education, this group of young people is at risk of President Trump’s measures regarding immigrants. In 2016 there were about 750 thousand dreamers (Daca) of which 590 thousand are Mexicans
The migratory currents to the United States are made up of young people, and for this reason, Mexico loses people with the greatest productive potential when they leave. "By ages, 41.5 percent of Mexicans who migrate to the United States are between 15 and 24 years old, 26 percent are between 25 and 34 years old and 18.8 percent are between 35 and 49 years."
It is worth mentioning that the "American dream" plays a great role in the decision of Mexicans to leave Mexico and go to the United States, since, if we analyze the situation, the reasons why they decide to migrate is to have a better job with thewhich can live in a better way, however, the fact that they choose the United States has to do with the image that the American dream has generated over time in the minds of Mexicans, even some refer to it as a myth.
The American dream is a social construction about the possibilities of succeeding in the United States. The idea of migrating transmits security, hope and the opportunity to climb. In addition the dream guarantees a fair opportunity, promotes success, brings happiness, status and makes feeling respectable. The fact that many Mexicans migrate to the United States causes them to reach a higher social/economic class and therefore have access to things to those who previously had no access, such as better education, more wealth, better income, and a good trade that helps and contributes to the maintenance of the family.
It cannot be denied that the American dream depends on the ideology of the one who follows and seeks it, what really is an ambiguous concept, since everyone, despite having common factors, does not always look for exactly the same the same. The dream is flexible, adaptable and varies, generations are gradually modifying it according to their needs and preferences. The dreams of these people are large, risky and difficult to reach, sadly, many Latinos face several obstacles and problems regarding their transfer and integration into life in the US. It implies challenges in which emotional suffering are found, struggle between identities, and cultural contempt.
To achieve a change, you have to understand what is happening in Mexico and the USA. Things in both countries curiously work backwards. While in Mexico unemployment for people with a university education level is greater than the average, and unemployment for people with secondary education level is lower. On the other hand, in the United States, the unemployment percentage decreases as the individual has more education.
The cause of these lack of opportunities is due to the lack of education and employment in Mexico. If Mexico would generate more jobs, and give good education to Mexicans, they would have the resources to apply to these works, without risking their lives and migrating illegally.
In Mexico there is no social security, such as unemployment insurance, that from the opportunity to people to remain a long type without working, apart, there are many people in Mexico who have no savings, and that means that when a person loses his jobYou cannot afford to do nothing about it, so they must find another source of income regardless of whether it is poorly paid or informal.
On the other hand, in nations like the United States, when people lose their jobs, they can count on their unemployment insurance and start looking for another until one finds one that is your liking. It must be remembered that for the INEGI with which a person works at least one hour a week is no longer unemployed, which means that all those Mexicans with informal jobs are considered as employees, being that it is not adequate. In the United States the informal economy is not so widespread, and people wait until they find formal job. Today, far from fighting for the construction of a wall 3,000 kilometers long to separate us, both countries can fix their differences and their own problems, being that despite the fact that Mexico has to work on the regulation of emigrantsIllegal, Mexicans working abroad favor both countries in a certain way.
conclusion
We can conclude that our country has to find a way to generate jobs and give a good education to their people, both have to take advantage of opportunities to help us each other, since having a well -regulated and advantageous labor market benefits both countries, especially whenThe Mexico-United States commercial exchange is worth a million dollars per minute. The problem requires being treated in an integral way, not only to face the aspects of state security, but from its structural causes, apart, "migration should not be seen as a problem, but also a possibility of development".
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