Machu Picchu, Grand Citadel Inca
Around 1450 there was a boom of Inca cities built by an emperor named Pachacútec, thanks to his vision and military leadership, the Inca culture was disseminated by the Andes, but shortly after the empire that Pachacútec had helped build was besieged. In 1532, the Spanish conquerors under the command of Francisco Pizarro arrived in Peru with thirst for gold and conquest, attacked an empire weakened by civil and defenseless wars against European diseases and orchestrating a generalized native resistance to the Inca government the Spaniards the SpaniardsThey began a fierce looting, attacked the cities and incaic towns in search of gold and silver, looted and destroyed monuments and temples. A great civilization was reduced to ruins.
The passage of time devoured what had survived and the history of these Inca sites were forgotten. More than 350 years later, a professor of Latin America at the University of Yale arrived at Peru to carry out his scientific research, in July 1911 Hiram Bingham was sought Vilcabamba, the fabulous lost city of the Incas that had been the refuge of theLast ruling Inca. Bingham with his expedition team went into the imposing cloudy jungle. He was soon climbing a steep slope in a remote corner of the Urubamba river, when he reached the top of a mountain at 2800 meters high, Bingham was about to make a spectacular discovery, an Inca center covered by centuries of vegetation that had not been touchedFor the conquerors.
For several hours he, his young native guide of the sector and his military escort explored the site, Bingham photographed how little he could see, but only later he could appreciate the importance of his discovery. Bingham returned to Machu Picchu in 1912 to excavate the site and speculate close to the purpose of its construction, would it be the lost city of the last Inca ruler?, Maybe the cradle of Inca culture?, And why was there? In the excavations, artifacts and incass burials were discovered, but they did not provide a clear response about what was there. Bingham’s efforts to understand this city were only the beginning (Connecticut Humanities Council). Since then, continuous investigations with innovative procedures have helped to unveil the mystery of this enigmatic place of the Selva sidewalk.
Alex Sairo is one of the guides in this majestic city. He, the other guides and the entire population of Machu Picchu are aware of their great importance to the country and the world, they have a deeper vision of what this city was actually, the last and constant investigations consider that it was aboutAn authentic knowledge center with the value of today’s universities and ensures that every so often there is new information, new discoveries, new scope in the understanding of what this city was. And then, we will detail the most precise places that support this hypothesis:
The tour begins with a special stands for tourists, the true path of the Inca remains at the top of the Machu Picchu mountain, the city is built in a valley between Machu Picchu (old mountain) and Huayna Picchu (young mountain). The first impression occurs in the cultivation terraces: throughout the region of the old Inca Empire, cultivation terraces are observed on the slopes of the mountains, which were designed for the food of the population in unproductive places, these are structuresFormed by stone walls, of different sizes, with a shell, clay and culture land. However, in the city of knowledge, each of these platforms consisted of microclimates, which allowed to sow products from different regions on each floor, the researchers at that time could design new seeds, improve their productive quality or make them more resistant to certainclimates, in fact, and as an example, in this region there were more than 5000 potato varieties that are still known today. They were also embellished to honor the goddess Earth or Pachamama.
Continuing with the tour, there are small rooms where the city’s guardians are believed since they are located in the only entrance to the city, possibly here some students or pupils spent. From this space you can see both the agricultural area and the urban area. It should be noted that the roofs of the entire city have been devastated by the time since it was an organic straw of the area and all its materials were degradable, these rooms did not have locks or locks because it was only enough with a tape on the threshold forindicate that he was occupied thus showing the high respect and consideration of his residents.
When continuing, the temple of the sun is observed, which is actually a solar observatory where the priest (observer) had the privilege of living in a room adjacent to the temple. The tower has two windows in a trapezoidal and spiral form at its four ends, one oriented towards the most extreme point of the winter solstice that occurs on June 22 and the other oriented towards the door of the sun that corresponds to the summer solstice that occursDecember 22. In the midst of this architecture, a central rock emerges, carved in the form of an altar that served to track the sun, on its round trip trip. This technology is still used to know the specific sowing and harvest days.
The main temple has a polished manufacturing with finely carved blocks, framed by only three walls, each of the large pieces have been carefully carved, the sheds have on their sides, in its decoration there is also the possible symbolic figure of the head of a flame, allegorical image to this camelid that both contributed as a cargo beast, meat supplier and dress to the Incas. Behind and next to the main temple is an enclosure whose function was probably also of religious use. The ‘Real Campus’. This is a house with fine masonry, it is the largest in the Llaqta (city). Its access door is the first source of the city, it is subdivided into two rooms, it has a main room with ten niches (due to their quality and height they had to contain adorn objects). Then the main square, where the meetings were supposed to be held with newcomers to the city where food and chicha were prepared and every visitor was offered a dish as welcome showing the hospitality and affection of this town.
The ceremonial rock that is adjacent to the square is a model of the Pumasillo hill, located on the posterior face of the valley and at the same time it is believed that it represents the feline form of the Puma, one of the deities of the Incas. This rock has a special location, it is the area that represented one of the most relevant areas of the city for the Inca civilization for its function as a center to host the most important sacred rituals and ceremonies for the city, as it is on the roadthat leads to two very important temples: the ‘Huayna Picchu’ (precisely the one that appears in most of the classic photos), in the chasm of this are warehouses that were used as a food winery and the ‘temple of the moon’, both roads converge in this square, where Machu Picchu’s guardianship was revered.
On the back of the city the architectural wonder of its construction is verified, some terraces that serve as sowings but as slopes to support possible erosions or landslides are divided. Parallel to the central staircase, the Pacchas move, with their 16 water falls with a possible religious function. In all its architecture, the water sources had two mixed functions: first that of water adoratories, in Machu Picchu as in all buildings, due to the idiosyncrasy of the Incas, the water was venerated by their benefits. And second, for domestic use, required an informal ceremony at the time of supplying the liquid. It shows how the Inca had special care and respect for the Pacha Mama, since none of its original geography has been modified or changed, rather, some natural structure was already used as part of the city’s environment.
Another fascinating sector is the ‘water mirrors’, these two circular stones carved as vessels were filled with water and allowed seeing the stars reflected in them and served especially as an observatory of the Milky Way and the Cosmos. In this religion the magical worldview was part of their daily life, for them the oldest divinities left the waters of Lake Titicaca and the Andean nature always depended on water and rain. Then there is the industrial zone, where dresses were made for the most important men and women of the time, it should be noted that the woman fulfilled a very special role in culture, which belonged to the nobility were the acllas and the coya. The coya was the woman with the greatest hierarchy, the wife of the Inca, she is considered as sacred as the Inca and, she was granted a certain number of acllas that were at her service. The Coya had a privileged place in the Inca society. In this same place, tools for fabric yarn were made, that is, delicate and precise tools.
The area that deserves special attention for its broad contribution in the field of research is an area for the cultivation of medicinal plants, since Inca medicine constitutes one of the greatest scientific legacies provided to humanity and here in Machu Picchu there was aSpecific laboratory for this purpose. Different types of roots and plants have been found exclusively for medicine. Here resided herbalists and shamans who, through study, discovered the cause of many diseases apart from relieving wounds caused by possible clashes, they were also in charge of analyzing spiritual and emotional problems, since this natural medicine was constituted in an entrance to the magical universe, here they converged hereThe philosophy of life and spirituality with a sacred conception of the elements provided by the Pacha Mama.
The great devotion of the Inca people can be noticed to the Wiracocha god and their deities that manifested themselves throughout nature, all this responds to the trilogy that governed the daily life of the Inca culture that they are: the Kay Pacha, ‘The Earth of theliving ‘, with living beings, water, life and death giver represented by the snake through two ceremonial sources. The Hanan Pacha, ‘The Earth of the Gods’, represented by the Sun God and also has the messenger the ray fertilizer, is represented by the ‘Puma’, the solar drum has the double function of worshiping the sun god and astronomically to control itsFunctions and the Uhju Pacha, ‘The land of the dead’, represented by the condor, a sacred bird that could carry the souls of the men of the earth to heaven. They believed in the return of the Spirit in another aspect and emerged again in this world, the nobles were mummified in the position of squatting as a fetus, accompanied by blankets and personal objects.
As we can see, technology has always been present in education, from clay tablets and vegetable stems in the form of wedge of cuneiform writing to the Internet, in the same way that it has been in all human activity. (Adell and Castañeda – Las_Pedagogías_escolar_emertes.PDF, n.d.) And with the Inca society there is no exception, on the contrary, this city demonstrates high knowledge in technology, study through different methodologies and love for Mother Earth, an authentic university with structured ethical principles as its usual greeting: “Love quella, love llulla, loves sua "" Do not lie, not steal, not idle "wise words in which a whole culture and society was based. This way of life has not disappeared with the destruction of its empire, even its past mixes with this.
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