Literary review: The Republic of Plato
Introduction.
Start with Socrates walking along a street, addressing the Pyrenees where festivities are made in honor of the goddess Athena. When a group of young people is gathered wanting to dialogue and learn from Socrates. It is at this time when it appears and meets glaucon (Plato’s brother) and this accompanies the holiday where transimaco, eutidem will also be, etc. It is when one of Polemarco’s slaves appears, which invites Socrates to go to his love -céfalo house.
Socrates accepts and immediately this one goes to Céfalo’s house. Once in the place Socrates meets Céfalo who very happy to talk with a person with such experience in life, and asks how he considers old age. Céfalo replies: that despite some breaks and imbalances in life, they bring some rewards and add that by not knowing how to understand old age it does not depend on the evils of human life, but on their character that of being able to understand it. Socrates notes that while his old age is good, quiet and serene, what mostly influences his abundant wealth. The old man tells him: that wealth has certain advantages such as paying debts. But nevertheless this is not the wealth that worries men or the gods, but that awareness of having been in just and unfair life.
Developing.
With what was expressed, you can understand the fundamental issue that justice is. What is justice? According to the time justice was understood as a virtue, which was always to find the best way of life for both the city and for man in his life. Returning to the story for Céfal. In this way, injustice would be avoided, not being in debt and bad with anyone.
It is at this point that Socrates is not fully agreed, since he wonders, should we always pay what is due? For this, Socrates sets an example to a friend who is totally rational and aware of life who would be a gun and this for men, crazy and that is when he asks: Is it correct to give his friend his friend knowing his state? Being fair not only equals paying debts, how to comply with laws. At that time, Céfalo accepts what Socrates announced and both are interrupted by Polemarco, he exposes what Simonide: Justice tries to return to each one what corresponds to it. Cephal.
Socrates asks Polemarco to explain what I quote Simonides. After a long Socratic debate, Polemarco modifies what is expressed and says: "Justice is doing good to the friend who is good and harming the enemy that is bad".
This is understood how to benefit friends and harm enemies. Socrates analyzing what is expressed tells us that doing good to good and doing badly to the enemy is not seen just in any of the cases. Since, as a fair man can do bad others?. Polemarco accepts what is expressed by Socrates, and he asks him to accompany him in this battle to reveal what justice is virtue form
It is at this time when it surprisingly interrupts transimaco and asks Socrates to stop asking questions after questions to the answers, since he does not reach any conclusion and answer. Socrates is immediately surprised with what happened and in a somewhat scared state he tries to calm a transimaco and tells him that if he has the definition of what justice is that I mention it and express his opinion. Trasimaco will not say anything until you receive your money. Glaucon of others before this request, they are willing to pay him as long as he reveals the expressed and be able to listen to it.
Trasimaco says: "I maintain that justice is nothing other than what is convenient for the strongest". Not understanding it, Socrates asks that if he can explain it. Trasimaco, irritated by his constant questions and lack of coherence, explains that some cities are formed by tyrannies;Democracies or aristocracies and that these forms of government have the total power to rule the laws as they want and suits each one, benefiting and that justice is the convenience of governments that ruled said laws.
And their power leads to justice according to how they determine it. Reaching the conclusion that he who has power will have justice. After a long debate, they conclude that: the art of medicine is not to negotiate, but to cure the sick and convalescent. The pilot of a ship does not give it the pilot but the sailor who exercises command of the ship. With what was expressed to the convenience in the different arts. Socrates analyzes the aforementioned saying that these arts do not order for convenient for themselves but for others, such as medicine that does not seek convenient for themselves, but for patients and patients.
The Platonic Value: It is formed by the virtue that is present in men looking beyond reality, since for Plato there are two worlds: the world of ideas;And the sensitive world. In the world of ideas it is perfect, immutable, universal and perfect, where a society is totally perfect and there are no imbalances or problems. In the sensitive world that is changing, transitory, imperfect, it does not allow us to move forward and develop in order to achieve a correct, fair and clean society.
That thanks to the Republic of Plato, the great differences and its structure of howthe rhetoric and Mayéutic that were methods to give birth to our ideas, ideal, and above all to find the possible answers through questions of the problems that were given in the course of history, and thus be able to have citizens, and a system of government withrules and norms fairly and necessary that they are mandatory for their correct order.
Platonic justice: justice for Socrates, is a virtue that is significantly superimposed and hierarchized in a society that is governed by this. And thanks to its correct order and application, a correct problem -free society is obtained that increases with the passing of time. And that the power that goes from generation to generation should give to those who are prepared and qualified, for its correct application and do not fall into hands corrupted by the desire to dominate and act selfishly satisfying their own benefits without the approval of the people.
According to Plato, a fair and harmonious poli is one where its citizens and political, social and economic structure are governed by justice and accept its norms in a responsibility and fair manner, without disorder or imbalances. And thus strengthening from the bases a correct society and political organization.
conclusion.
From this we can conclude that what type of government is, the ruler does not seek convenient for himself but what is convenient for the governed. Trasimaco answers that justice is not practiced for the benefit of others, but of oneself, what is convenient for those who want to govern and that justice is a virtue that subjugates cities in the rulers.
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