Linguistic discrimination in Peru and the loss of identity
Introduction
The problem of discrimination was always a recurring theme in Peru, nowaday A poor education . This problem also influences the workplace being excluded these people seeking employment or who are treated in a differentiated way, thus creating a hostile environment and lacking economic opportunities. All the above increases due to the cultural incommunication that prevails so that indigenous peoples have not yet been recognized as autonomous ethnicities within our State.
This today affects the native and Andean communities, but we will emphasize the discrimination of Quechua speakers, as is known in Peru, they are official languages, Spanish, Quechua, Aymara and other languages as predominated in its geographical zone. Quechua and, more specifically, to the speakers of this language, the most widespread indigenous language in South America, which has passed in Peru to have 3’360.331 speakers in 2007 to have 3’799.780 speakers in 2017, according to recent information from the National Institute of Statistics and Informatics (INEI). Recognizing the reality of the country, the present work is intended plagued with stereotypes.
Thesis
In my opinion I consider that it is vital that the dominated languages be revitalized due to alienation; In this case, Quechua, ancestral language that keeps in memory many important events of our separate continent each language is a world that has history, this helps us identify our folklore and native identity.It is assumed that linguistic discrimination is due to an ethnocentric posture .I consider that the State goes beyond publishing laws without institutional promotion, stereotyped features must be banish since this is a main axis for Quechua and other different leagues to be denigrated .Society is full of complexes and alienations, which is why in my opinion, Quechua must be taught from children in all schools, with adequate support from the State, this would be feasible and beneficial Quechua and this is due to the fact that while the Child that Quechua is a language of equal importance as Castilian or English, it will not generate discriminating distinctions or differences in its head, all this will be possible thanks to the support of the State, the fundamental role of the media as a transmitter of information that in cases lead to create stereotypes and these consequence prejudices that generate the loss of cultural authenticity in our country.
Arguments
In recent decades there has been a process of replacing languages with factors such as industrialization and globalization .In our country languages such as Quechua or Aimara have lost the prestige that it once had in the Inca Empire.
According to Garcilaso de la Vega, the importance of speaking the same language was to unite the different ethnic peoples but with a big difference, the Inca Empire does not seek to destroy the cultural expressions of the conquered peoples something that the Spaniards did not respect.
The idea of domination comes from the time of the conquest especially in the suppression of cultural identity, an aspect that is repeated today since it suggests a threat to our native linguistic diversity. Therefore it is said that the sense of belonging of those affected is violated because of linguistic discrimination, this takes great value because in the long run it leads to the linguistic and cultural displacement by means of cultural displacements.
A sample of lack of identity to give as an example is the change of surname of some people for considering them without prestige, surnames such as Quispe, Mamani are native surnames however we have alienated ourselves due to the influence of the dominant culture. The Peruvian is an alienated being, that is, he thinks, feels, acts according to norms, patterns and values that are alien to him or that lacks the historical substance of which he is related to the prosperity of the country.
The dominated language does not have to govern the rules of the dominant language, it is more can oppose them not recognizing them, however, it is not a short -term feasible process, it has to be begun by the change in the way of imparting education. Bourdiu already said it, so that a discriminatory act is carried out, the reception of those affected is important whether they are submitted to them or not. However, it not only depends on the attitude of people because the revaluation of a dominated language is the responsibility of the State.
Now apart the fact of calling “Cholo” a Quechua speaker to be exact and that it is derogatory it is clear that it is a sample of exclusion, however, so that in a linguistic community it has a negative effect on a macro scale it is necessary to use a powerful Ideological weapon named: "Media", in that aspect it is negatively used in cases involuntarily but we can use it in our favor to claim our linguistic diversity in this case Quechua.
Then at that point the intervention of the media becomes positive and the education taught, the education system does not meet the demands of the majorities of the Peruvian population, Spanish is the official language, English is As a mandatory course, thus devaluing the language of Quechua and other indigenous languages as the disproportion is evidenced, if one takes into account, that in Peru, according to official statistics a quarter of the population (about 6 million people) speaks a vernacular language, most of them Quechua.
In view of the importance of Quechua’s teaching, I think it is necessary Only 45% of the population, dialogue in Quechua, makes feasible the exchange of ideas, communicates; 95 % know Quechua, (understand), but they don’t speak, and only 15 % write in Quechua.
The discrimination suffered by Quechua speakers is worrying in our country, as shown by the following testimony taken from El País:
“As a child I learned that Quechua was not a good thing. My mother said that I was not going to use it in Lima and my dad did not show me for vanity, since he did not accept for any reason to be told Serrano, and at that time the discrimination was very hard for migrants, ”says José Cavero Torres, a merchant from the Andean region of Apurímac. (Casma, 2014)
For more than thirty years, the country is trying to build an inclusive education, the interculturity project seeks that every citizen is aware of the existence of various knowledge, knowledge and knowledge; This will be possible to develop from the educational approach since in our country it is urgent to implement these educational policies, it is totally viable if sectors such as the State, society, the media put their part in this initiative
It is very important to emphasize the benefits that can be obtained by implementing intercultural bilingual education in addition to being an instrument of cultural and linguistic assimilation, this promotes to strengthen linguistic identities and amplify the child’s communicative abilities
The future of Quechua will depend, on the one hand, on the will of the Quechua speakers of maintaining their own language and culture, as well as their ability to overcome the linguistic conflict, integrating the different fragments even contradictory, in order that reaffirmed your ethnic identity.
Conclusions
- Over the years, the prestige that our languages had in Inca times has been lost, this due to the cultural and economic domination that affects the revitalization of our culture.
- Linguistic discrimination is an exclusive act that endangers the culture and culture of each language, which has to do with alienated society full of stereotypes.
- The intervention of the media play an important role since they are the transmitters of the cultural burden to the entire dough and in cases in a mistake they lead us to alienation and complex with our linguistic identity.
- Despite the large number of Quechua speakers and Quechua surnames in our region, Quechua has been and remains one of the most discriminated identity markers, especially in the public sphere. This discrimination is closely linked to racism against Andean populations.
- One of the most significant initiatives to reduce linguistic discrimination is to implement a bilingual education that assesses both Castilian and Quechua thus the child will not make differentiations that eventually become exclusive.
Bibliography
- Casma, j. C. (16 of 04 of 2014). Discriminated by speaking their native language. THE COUNTRY, PAGE. 1.
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