Leninist conceptions about the party press
Introduction
The media or fourth power have always been a mechanism for disseminating ideologies and social control, in addition to information and propaganda of one or another type. The following investigation is intended, through ideology and focusing on agitation, propaganda and media policy, explaining the functioning of the legal press during the October socialist revolution.
The role of the same as the official body of the Soviet Communist Party headed by V.Yo. Lenin will guide the present work;Based on the different agreements of the party and measures taken by it in the early years of the Bolshevik Revolution, in order to conclude how the socialist press actually operates.
Developing.
The Bolshevik Revolution or October Revolution occurs as a result of a series of events that affect Russia due to the bad conditions in which most of its inhabitants live. In the rest of Europe, parliaments have been constituted that, although with many deficiencies, they represent the incipient middle class, there is a powerful bourgeois class and the industrial revolution is at full performance.
In 1848 the manifesto of the Communist Party of Marx and Engels had been published that constitutes the germ of ideology that will feed the Bolshevik revolution. It is a magnificent propaganda text, its central idea is to end capitalism and replace it with communist society. It is translated into several languages and reaches great diffusion. Marx spreads his ideas through collaborations with numerous newspapers in different countries, such as England, Germany, France, his slogan: proletarians from all countries uníos. His ideas are the germ of political propaganda that would develop the October revolution.
In 1898 the Russian Social Democratic Party of Marxist origin was founded, its ideology is based on the Marx manifesto adapted to the conditions of the Russia of that time. Vladimir Ilich Ulianov, known by Lenin, is the most relevant figure of this period. In 1900 he was released from his imprisonment in Siberia and self-Exilia in Geneva, where he edits the newspaper La Espar.
He is aware of the strength of propaganda and how to get to the Russian people, consider that to make the revolution we must convince, "persuade" the people of revolutionary ideas, laying the basis of persuasive communication as we understand it today. Throughout his life he will not stop writing in different media, the most appropriate at all times to get this end.
In 1902 Lenin Public What to do?, in which proposals on the organization and strategy that a revolutionary party must follow are collected. The ideas collected in this brochure caused the division of the Social Democratic Workers Party of Russia, the following year the party is divided between Mensheviques, which promote a democratic transition, and Bolsheviks, which do not consider it necessary with more radical ideas than the previous.
In 1914 the First World War, the Russian Empire staggers. Fourteen million Russians are mobilized, initially there is a great unity of the entire town with the Tsar, however, as the defeats are happening and hunger intensifies, the people rebel against this situation.
Propaganda is conveniently used to involve the people, build the story by connecting with their emotions and frustrations: misery, defeat, hunger. With a population mostly illiterate Lenin designs a communication strategy with an image -based message, the poster constitutes the most effective means to disseminate ideas. Antibelicist slogans begin to spread.
In 1917 the events rushed, on February 23 a demonstration with the motto peace and bread was convened. On the 25th a general strike is called, followed by the practice of most workers and the 26. On February 27, Tsar Nicolás II Abdica, ends with three hundred years of the Romanov dynasty and constitutes a provisional government.
Lenin and Trotsky return from exile since Finland and form a revolutionary government. Lenin disseminates his message, has mostly three objectives: to conquer power for the proletariat;nationalize land, banking and industry;And finally put an end to war. All power to Soviets becomes at this time its main propaganda flag. Once again short and direct messages are spread.
Lenin summons elections, promising that he will end private property. The slogan used in this case, broadcast mostly by posters, pamphlets and press is: the power of the people for the people. The revolution has triumphed;But this is just the first step, it has to be able to maintain and consolidate throughout the new Soviet empire. To do this, it is essential. This will be Lenin’s true work and for this he will launch a whole machinery, theoretical and practical, mass persuasion, propaganda.
Conclusions
Leninist conception on the role of the press can be divided into several phases. First, it includes the texts written between 1899 and 1905, in which he attributed to the party press the mission of organizing the socialist militants in a single party. The newspaper would circulate between groups and trends and could offer a synthesis of grassroots, even more in a country with great territorial dispersion and accentuated localisms such as Russia.
As an ideological arm of the party, it should offer programmatic orientations for workers to act in popular assemblies, class associations, political mobilizations and electoral elections. Then the one that refers to the period from 1912 to 1914, with focus on the definition of the class character and the method of social analysis of the workers press. The third moment, from 1915 to 1917, covers criticism of the bourgeois press, highlighting corruption cases, the
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