Joseph Stalin’S Role In World War Ii

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Joseph Stalin’s role in World War II

The instability created in Europe by World War I (1914-18) prepared the stage for another international conflict, World War II, which broke out two decades later and would be even more devastating. When he came to power in an economically and politically unstable Germany, Adolf Hitler, leader of the Nazi party, rearmed the nation and signed strategic treaties with Italy and Japan to promote their ambitions of world domination. The invasion of Poland by Hitler in September 1939 led Great Britain and France to declare war on Germany, which marked the beginning of World War II. For the next six years, the conflict would charge more lives and destroy more land and properties throughout the world than any previous war. Among the 45-60 million people who are estimated.

Before World War II

The devastation of the Great War (as World War I was known at that time) had greatly destabilized Europe and, in many ways, World War II arose from issues that remained unsolved by that previous conflict. In particular, political and economic instability in Germany, and persistent resentment for the hard terms imposed by the Versailles treaty, promoted the rise to the power of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist Party of German workers, abbreviated as NSDAP in German and theNazi party in English. ..

Did you know? Already in 1923, in his book of memoirs and propaganda ‘Mein Kampf’ (my fight), Adolf Hitler had predicted a general European war that would result in ‘The extermination of the Jewish race in Germany’.

After becoming a chancellor of Germany in 1933, Hitler quickly consolidated power, anoking himself as Führer (supreme leader) in 1934. Obsessed with the idea of the superiority of the ‘pure’ German race, which he called ‘Aria’, Hitler believed that war was the only way to win the “Lebensraum”, or necessary vital space, so that the German raceexpand. In the mid -1930s, the German rearmament began secretly, a violation of the Versailles Treaty. After signing alliances with Italy and Japan against the Soviet Union, Hitler sent troops to occupy Austria in 1938 and the following year annexed Czechoslovakia. Hitler’s open aggression was not controlled, since the United States and the Soviet Union were concentrated in internal politics at that time, and neither France nor Britain (the other two nations more devastated by the great war) were anxious for confrontation.

World War II outbreak (1939)

At the end of August 1939, Hitler and the Soviet leader Joseph Stalin signed the German-Soviet aggression pact, which caused a frenzy of concern in London and Paris. Hitler had long planned an invasion of Poland, a nation to which Great Britain and France had guaranteed military support if it was attacked by Germany. The pact with Stalin meant that Hitler would not face a war on two fronts once he invaded Poland, and would have the Soviet help to conquer and divide the nation itself. On September 1, 1939, Hitler invaded Poland from the West;Two days later, France and Great Britain declared war on Germany, starting World War II.

On September 17, the Soviet troops invaded Poland from the east. Under the attack on both sides, Poland fell quickly and, at the beginning of 1940, Germany and the Soviet Union had divided the control of the nation, according to a secret protocol attached to the non -aggression pact. Stalin’s forces moved to occupy the Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania) and defeated a resistant Finland in the Russian-Finland war. During the six months after the invasion of Poland, the lack of action by Germany and the allies in the West led to the media of a ‘false war’. In the sea, however, the British and German armed faced each other in a heated battle, and German submarine lethals attacked the merchant ships to Great Britain, sinking more than 100 ships in the first four months of the Second World War.

World War II in the West (1940-41)

On April 9, 1940, Germany simultaneously invaded Norway and occupied Denmark, and the war began seriously. On May 10, German forces crossed Belgium and the Netherlands in what was known as ‘blitzkrieg’ or lightning war. Three days later, Hitler’s troops crossed the Mosa River and attacked the French forces in Sedan, located at the northern end of the Maginot line, an elaborate fortifications chain built after World War I and considered an impenetrable defensive barrier. In fact, the Germans broke the line with their tanks and airplanes and continued towards the rear, making it useless. The British expeditionary force (BEF) was evacuated by sea from Dunkerquea final of May, while in the south the French forces set up a convicted resistance. With France on the verge of collapse, the fascist dictator of Italy Benito Mussolini formed an alliance with Hitler, the steel pact and Italy declared war to France and Great Britain on June 10.

On June 14, German forces entered Paris;A new government formed by Marshal Philippe Petain (the French hero of World War I) requested an armistice two nights later. Subsequently, France was divided into two zones, one under German military occupation and the other under the Pétain government, installed in Vichy France. Hitler now directed his attention to Great Britain, who had the defensive advantage of being separated from the continent over the La Mancha channel.

To pave the way for an amphibious invasion (called Operation León Marino), German aircraft bombardcivilians. The Royal Air Force (RAF) finally defeated the Luftwaffe (German Air Force) in the battle of Great Britain, and Hitler postponed his invading plans. With the defensive resources of Great Britain taken to the limit, Prime Minister Winston Churchill began to receive crucial help from the USA. UU. Under the Loan and Lease Law, approved by Congress in early 1941.

Hitler against Stalin: Operation Barbarroja (1941-42)

At the beginning of 1941, Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria had joined the axis, and the German troops invaded Yugoslavia and Greece in April. The conquest of the Balkans by Hitler was a precursor to his real objective: an invasion of the Soviet Union, whose vast territory would give the "Lebensraum" that needed. The other half of Hitler’s strategy was the extermination of Jews from all over Europe occupied by the Germans. The plans for the ‘final solution’ were introduced at the time of the Soviet offensive, and during the next three years, more than 4 million Jews would perish in the extermination fields established in the occupied Poland.

On June 22, 1941, Hitler ordered the invasion of the Soviet Union, called Operation Barbarroja . Although Soviet tanks and airplanes greatly exceeded the Germans, Russian aviation technology was largely obsolete, and the impact of the surprise invasion helped the Germans reach 200 miles from Moscow in mid -July. The discussions between Hitler and his commanders delayed the next German advance until October, when he stopped for a Soviet counteroffensive and the beginning of a hard winter climate.

World War II in El Pacífico (1941-43)

With Great Britain facing Germany in Europe, the United States was the only nation capable of combating Japanese aggression, which at the end of 1941 included an expansion of its current war with China and the taking of European colonial possessions in the Far East. On December 7, 1941, 360 Japanese planes attacked the main American naval base in Pearl Harbor in Hawaii, taking the Americans completely by surprise and charging the life of more than 2.300 soldiers. The attack on Pearl Harbor served to unify US public opinion in favor of entering World War II, and on December 8, Congress declared war on Japan with a single vote against. Germany and the other axis powers quickly declared war on the United States.

After a long series of Japanese victories, the US Pacific fleet. UU. He won the battle of Midway in June 1942, which turned out to be a turning point in the war. In Guadalcanal, one of the Solomon Islands of the South, the allies also succeeded against the Japanese forces in a series of battles from August 1942 to February 1943, which helped to change the course in the Pacific in the Pacific. In mid -1943, the allied naval forces began an aggressive counterattack against Japan, which involved a series of amphibious assaults in key islands controlled by the Japanese in the Pacific. This ‘Isla on Island’ strategy was successful, and allied forces approached their ultimate goal of invading continental Japan.

Towards the Allied Victory in World War II (1943-45)

In North Africa, the British and American forces had defeated the Italians and Germans in 1943. It followed an allied invasion of Sicily and Italy, and the Mussolini government fell in July 1943, although the allied fight against the Germans in Italy would continue until 1945.

In the Eastern Front, a Soviet counteroffensive launched in November 1942 ended the bloody battle of Stalingrad, which had witnessed some of the most fierce fighting of World War II. The arrival of winter, along with the shortage of food and medical supplies, marked the end of the German troops there, and the last one surrendered on January 31, 1943.

On June 6, 1944, held as ‘Day D’, the allies began a mass invasion of Europe, landing 156.000 British, Canadian and American soldiers on the beaches of Normandy, France. In response, Hitler poured all the force resulting from his army in Western Europe, ensuring the defeat of Germany in the east. The Soviet troops soon advanced towards Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Romania, while Hitler gathered their forces to expel Americans and British from Germany in the battle of the Ardenas (December 1944-January 1945), the last great German offensive ofwar.

An intensive air bombardment in February 1945 preceded Germany’s allied land invasion, and when Germany formally surrendered on May 8, the Soviet forces had occupied much of the country. Hitler was already dead, having committed suicide on April 30 in his Berlin bunker.

World War II (1945) ends

At the Julio-August 1945 Potsdam Conference, US President Harry S. Truman (who had assumed the position after Roosevelt’s death in April), Churchill and Stalin discussed the current war with Japan, as well as the Peace Agreement with Germany. Post -war Germany would be divided into four occupancy zones, which would be controlled by the Soviet Union, Great Britain, the United States and France. On the divisive issue of the future of Eastern Europe, Churchill and Truman agreed to Stalin, since they needed Soviet cooperation in the war against Japan.

The strong casualties suffered in the campaigns of Iwo Jima (February 1945) and Okinawa (April-June 1945), and the fears of an even more expensive land invasion in Japan led Truman to authorize the use of a new and devastating weapon. Developed during an ultrasecreta operation called Manhattan Project, the atomic bomb unleashed in the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in early August. On August 15, the Japanese government issued a statement declaring that it would accept the terms of Potsdam’s statement, and on September 2, American general Douglas MacArthur accepted Japan’s formal surrender aboard the USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay.

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