Jacques Rousseau Jacques Rousseau and Education
Jean Jacques Rousseau was born in Geneva on June 28, 1712 was a polymatics, a Francophone Swiss, he was both a writer, pedagogue, philosopher, musician, botanical, and naturalistic and although he was defined as an enlightened, he presented deep contradictions that separated them fromThe main representatives of the Enlightenment, winning for example Voltaire’s fierce inquina and being considered one of the first writers of pre -Romanticism.
His ideas printed an important copernican turn to pedagogy focusing on the natural evolution of the child and in direct matters and practices and his political ideas greatly influenced the French revolution and in the development of republican theories although he is also considered one ofthe prefitors of the totalism of the twentieth century, by insisting on the idea of the individual’s sacrifice, for the community;He incorporated into philosophy, policy incipient concepts such as that of the general will (which Kant would transform into his categorical imperative). His inheritance as a radical and revolutionary thinker is probably better expressed in his two most celebrated phrases, a contained in the social contract "man is born free, but everywhere he is chained" and his other phrase is "man is good by nature"
The Rousseau family came from French Hugonotes and settled in Geneva for about a hundred years before Isaac Rousseau who was born in Geneva in 1672 and Suzanne Bernard who was born Geneva in 1673, daughter of Calvinista Jacques Bernard, had the future writer Jean-Jacques. Nine days after giving birth, Suzanne died and little Rousseau considered her paternal uncles as her second parents, because from a very young age she spent a long time with them and were the ones who took care of him.
When Rousseau was 10 years old, a rather cultThe Government of the Republic of Geneva that Jean-Jacques retained all his life. With this family he enjoyed an education that he would consider ideal, qualifying this era as the happiest of his life, and read Bossuet, Fontenelle, La Bruyère, Molière and above all to Plutarch, of which he internalized important notions about the history of theRepublican Rome;In his confessions, written towards the end of his life, he will say that this author was the favorite reading of him;He will also recommend in his Emile the reading of Robinson Crusoe de Daniel Defoe. Together with his cousin, Rousseau was sent as a pupil to the house of the Calvinist Lambercier for two years. Upon his return in 1725, he worked as a watchmaker and, subsequently, with a master engraver (although without finishing his learning), with whom he developed enough experience to live from these trades occasionally.
At 16 he began to wand and left his hometown. After being pilgrimage for a while and performing the most disparate trades, at the edge of entering marginality, he abjurated from Calvinism and hugFaith of the Vicar Savoyan) and settled in Annecy, being guarded by Madame de Warens, an enlightened Catholic Lady without children, thirteen years older than him, who helped him in his discontinuous education and in his fondness for music, and also it wasLooking for different jobs. In the eyes of Rousseau, she would be the mother she had lost and, from 1733, a lover.
He lived six weeks from 1737 in Montpellier for a serious illness, and on his return Madame Warens got him the preceptor position in Lyon of the children of the brother of two famous enlightened writers, Gabriel Bonot de Mable, on which he exerted a strong influence, andthe philosopher Condillac;In addition, friendship with Fontenelle, Diderot (who signed him as a collaborator in musical matters of his encyclopedia, and with whom he will have to enemy at the end) and Marivaux (who corrects, by the way, his theatrical piece in a narcissus act or the loverOf himself, which will premiere in 1752). Then forged a character of ‘solitary walker’ nature lover. But, always discontent, Rousseau served as a journalist and many other occasional offices.
In 1742 he presents an innovative musical notation system to the Royal Academy of Sciences of Paris, with little fruit (his system was only interested in melody and not in harmony, and also a practically similar system had already been invented sixty -fiveyears ago by the monk Souhaitti), and the following year he publishes his dissertation on modern music, in which he criticizes the French very harsh, for him much lower than the Italian.
Jean Jaques Rousseau was rather a political philosopher, not a pedagogue but through his novel Emilio, or education promotes philosophical thoughts about education. In this book, it exalts the goodness of man and nature while raising issues that he will later develop in the social contract. Rousseau conceives his paradigm of man chained in Emilio, or education. As in speech on the origin and foundations of inequality among men wants to separate the formation of man in Emilio. Rousseau creates an education system that leaves man, or in this case the child, who lives and develops in a corrupt and oppressed society. As Emilio’s preliminary study says, or education: "assign children more freedom and less empire, let them do more for themselves and demand less than others".
Rousseau’s contributions in education were many important foundations, the human being has a different thought about education for example: the human being especially man is good by nature, the child is good, people are good, we were born to makeGood to the world to contribute good and productive things to the world, we were born to be a solidarity society. Current education considers that the child can change, we cannot impose education, nor can we mold it in the way we want, what Rousseau tried to explain is that education must be free, we have to let children be free,that are educated in their own way, without the manipulation or authority of someone.
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