International organizations and human rights such as the Red Cross
Summary
In the world of international law in which there are numerous communities, which are created with the end of effective international cooperation, carrying out a variety of humanitarian services and functions, focused on compliance with some type of objectives around the common well -being, where they are subject to international public law, they have legal capacity. It is of the utmost importance to emphasize the importance of these communities for the international are to offer an analysis to understand the role of the International Committee of the Red Cross (CICR), world movement of particular and unique characteristics in its kind, for its particular relationship based on international agreements with international states and organizations for a truly humanitarian end.
Introduction
The International Red Cross is an international organization that was founded in the year of 1863, in order to provide humanitarian aid to those who have been affected by armed violence and conflicts between countries and internal conflicts in countries or various situations of Violence also have the mission of promoting laws with which it is sought to provide effective protection of those affected by war and promote respect for international humanitarian law and its application in national legislation.
This organization is neutral and independent and that essentially drees from the 1949 Geneva agreements and its additional protocols, consists of the Assembly, the Council of the Assembly and the Directorate; The Assembly is made up of 15 to 25 members of Swiss nationality, recruited by co -optation. The financing of this organization basically occurs through donations made by the States Parties to the Geneva Convention, of the National Societies of the Red Cross and the Red Crescent, of private and public sources and in addition to supranational organizations.
This institution has been present in events that have marked the history of the entire world, such as the First War and Second World War, in which it has given humanitarian aid to the victims of the conflict, but also to the parties that have acted in it, Being vital, their intervention, since they have acted as guarantors of International Humanitarian Law, through interventions as in which it indicates that weapons should or not be used and giving guidelines on how to respect international humanitarian law; Although he has also suffered failures, such as World War II, in which he could not intervene in the victims of the Holocaust because of his lacking specific legal basis; Even after world wars, the Red Cross has had an important role in the development of international humanitarian law, being one of the institutions that promotes with greater force the respect of this branch of law, being awarded three times with the Nobel Prize To peace.
Developing
"International organizations are voluntary associations of states established by international agreement, endowed with permanent, own and independent bodies, responsible for managing collective interests and capable of expressing a legally different will from those of its members" (Velasco, 2003)
The characteristics of international organizations are usually very different. As a general rule, they arise from the agreements, agreements or treaties between various countries, which in turn become an organization set in international public law. However, all of them enjoy fundamental and essential characteristics such as: states with sovereignty, agreements that rely on a legal basis, independence of the signatory states and legal autonomy. Among international organizations, it is necessary to highlight those that by their specific purposes are directed to a single purpose or object, such as those that cooperate socially, culturally and humanly; The International Red Cross and Red Moon Movement also known as the International Red Cross complies with this purpose.
The International Red Cross and Red Moon Movement is considered the world’s largest humanitarian network. It is completely impartial and neutral, the movement is responsible for providing assistance and protection to those affected by armed conflicts and disasters. This movement has about 97 million volunteers, in turn collaborators and personnel used in 190 countries, the movement is not a single organization. It is made up of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and National Crescent and National Societies. Each component has its own identity and its own mission, despite this, all are united by the seven fundamental principles. (World Disaster Report, International Federation of the Red Cross, 1997)
These principles are: impartiality, humanity, independence, volunteering, unity, neutrality and universality. Each component of the movement undertakes to respect them and make them respect. Specifically, it is the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), an impartial, neutral and independent organization, its exclusively humanitarian mission to protect the life and dignity of the victims of armed conflicts and other situations of violence, as well as to provide assistance. The ICRC also strives to prevent suffering through the promotion and strengthening of the right and universal humanitarian principles.
While the International Federation of Red Cross societies and the red crescent coordinates and directs international assistance in cases of natural disaster or caused by human beings in situations that are alien to the armed conflict; to assist victims of natural disasters and technological nature, refugees and people affected by health emergencies. And in collaboration of the nations societies that intervene in cases referring to catastrophes anywhere in the world helping and promoting development activities in health and assistance and promotion of humanitarian values, provide a whole range of services, such as assistance in disaster and cases health activities and social support. In time of war, they can attend the civilian population and support the health services of the Armed Forces. (International Red Cross and Crescent Red Movement, 2019)
On the other hand, the ICRC strives to provide humanitarian protection and assistance to the victims of armed conflicts and other situations of violence. Take measures to respond to emergencies and promote, at the same time, respect for international humanitarian law and its application in the nation legislation, founded in 1863, the ICRC gave rise to the movement, whose international activities in armed conflicts direct and coordinate. However, it has the exclusively humanitarian mission to protect the life and dignity of victims of armed conflicts and other situations of violence. (International Red Cross Committee, 2019)
Mission
On the initiative of the ICRC, in 1864, the states approved the first Geneva agreement. Since then, with the support of the Red Cross movement and the red crescent, it has not ceased to invite governments to adapt international humanitarian law to new circumstances, especially the development of the media and combat methods, providing more effectively protection and assistance to victims of conflicts. The four Geneva Agreements of 1949 that, in the time of armed conflict, protect the injured, the sick and the shipwrecked of the Armed Forces, as well as the prisoners of war and the civilians, today force all states to all states.
Legal Bases
In cases of international armed conflict, the four Geneva agreements and the additional protocol I assign specific tasks to the ICR, including the right to visit the prisoners of war and civil internships; On the other hand, agreements recognize a broad right of initiative. On the other hand, in non -international armed conflicts, the international community recognizes the ICRC a right of initiative, enshrined in article 3 common to the four Geneva agreements. In cases of interior disturbances or internal tensions, or in any other situation that justifies its humanitarian action, the ICRC has an initiative right that is recognized in the statutes of the International Red Cross movement and the Red Crescent. Therefore, when international humanitarian law does not apply, the ICRC can propose its services to the States without such offer constituting an interference in the internal affairs of the State concerned. (International Red Cross Committee, 2019)
History
Since its foundation in 1863, its history deals with the development of humanitarian action, the Geneva Agreements and the Red Cross movement and the Red Crescent. The committee that would later be the International Red Cross Committee met for the first time in February 1863, in Geneva, Switzerland. Among his five members there was a man from the place named Henry Dunant, who a year before had published a book with which he campaigned, Solferino’s memory, in which he called to improve assistance to wounded soldiers in war time. In 1864, he persuaded governments for the approval of the first Geneva agreement. In that treaty the armies had the obligation to provide assistance to the wounded soldiers, regardless of the side they belong to, and a uniform emblem for health services was introduced: a red cross on white background. The committee’s object or commitment was at first to coordinate, but, gradually, it was more involved in the operational activities on the ground, while the need for a neutral intermediary among the belligerents was. Subsequently 50 years, it expands its work, establishing national societies and the Geneva Convention was adapted to include the war in the sea. (International Red Cross Committee, 2019)
When World War I broke out, based on the experience acquired in other conflicts, the opens a central agency of prisoners of war, whose purpose was to restore contact between the captured soldiers and their relatives. He intervened about the use of weapons that cause excessive sufferings after the war, many national societies considered that, with the advent of peace and hopes of a new world order, the task of the Red Cross had to change. (International Red Cross Committee, 2019)
Already in 1929, the ICRC persuaded governments to approve a new Geneva Convention, in order to provide greater protection to war prisoners. But, despite the obvious major threats that the modern war involved, he could not achieve in time to become new laws to protect civilians, to prevent the atrocities of World War II. In this Second World War there was a great expansion of activities, when the institution tried to act to provide assistance and protect victims of all sides. However, the greatest failure of the ICRC was also recorded: the lack of action in favor of the victims of the Holocaust and other persecuted groups, was unable to take a decisive action or to manifest publicly. He has tried to face the multiple humanitarian consequences of conflicts that marked a milestone in the second half of the twentieth century, starting with Israel and Palestine, in 1948. Then the states agreed to examine the three current Geneva Conventions (which deal with the injured and the sick on the battlefield, the victims of the war in the sea and the prisoners of war) and add a fourth agreement, in order to protect to civilians living under the control of the enemy. In the agreements the main purpose of the ICRC is arranged in situations of armed conflict. And in 1977, 2 additional protocols were approved to agreements. Protocol I is applicable in international armed conflicts; the second, in internal conflicts, a very significant progress. Since 1863, the ICRC – three times awarded the Nobel Peace Prize – its perspective is the same: provide assistance. (International Red Cross Committee, 2019)
conclusion
In accordance with the information previously developed, the vital importance of international law and international humanitarian law can be reflected, through international organizations that are created for the common good, since they monitor the protection of human beings and their rights; Based on principles and first of all the humanitarian assistance that the International Red Cross provides in this case, which has a recognized role in the development and promotion of International Humanitarian Law (DHRI), since it is destined to establish limits for the effects or consequences of armed conflicts for humanitarian reasons.
References
- World Disaster Report, International Red Cross Federation. (1997). Obtained from ficr: http: // www.IFRC.org
- International Red Cross Committee . (2019). Obtained from https: // www.ICRC.org/es
- International Red Cross Movement and Red Crescent. (11 of 2019). Obtained from movement-Ifcr: https: // media.IFRC.org/Ifrc/
- Velasco, d. d. (2003). international organizations. 13 Editorial.
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