Insecurity and their relationship with the citizen and gender
The insecurity of cities is a daily problem in urban life, thousands of resources are allocated daily to control their effects on the population;However, public security policies are usually aimed at protecting movable and immovable property rather than its inhabitants. Therefore, it is important to problematize the safety of the subjects in the territory;In the case of the female population, gender violence in public space (without ceasing to reproach domestic violence) helps to generate feelings of insecurity that limit the exercise of their rights in the city.
In that sense, women experience endless violations in public space, which are explained by the social construction of access and subordination on female bodies;This violence occurs in several forms that range from street harassment, forced prostitution to violations and femicides. Shelley Buckingham (2011, p. 61) points out that, for women, the risk of sexual violence is much greater than for men;Therefore, fear and insecurity translate into a kind of implicit prohibition that motivates women to limit their transit and the use of public space in certain places and hours in order to avoid aggressions.
The fear of traveling in public space increases when it comes to driving through deserted places, with little lighting or abandoned, where there is no community life;Even this fear can cause women to protect or recruit at home to avoid the danger of public space. "Therefore we can consider that the fear of sexual aggression in urban spaces is one of the elements that patriarchy uses to control the presence of women in public space" (Soto, 2014, p. 207).
So, the participation of women in public life is limited;This causes that the needs and problems of the female population are not present or are invisible in decision -making on the affairs of the city. The aforementioned here, it is summarized that gender violence in public space retracts women to private life.
Those who refute this analysis argue that the insecurity and fear that women feel in public space is based on mere subjectivities and that most crimes are committed against men;before which, it is concerned that the objective data and the subjective perception of insecurity are different issues. In this sense, it is understood that the subjective does not represent the real data or victimization objectives, mainly because it is uncommon for women to denounce perpetrated violence towards them in public space, since the feeling of guilt predominates by circulating in times not due not dueor with inappropriate clothing.
On the other hand, the aggressions exercised against men are part of the objective statistics of insecurity, in reference to this, Ana Falú states:
The aggressions that are mostly exercised against men, such as homicides and injuries, lack sexual connotation and are probable that, in general, they will be perpetrated by men and occur in public places. On the other hand, when crimes of the same type are intended for women, they are usually imbued with a clear sexual component. On a typical day, in Latin America 460 people suffer the consequences of sexual violence, and most of them are women.(Falú, 2014, p. twenty-one)
So, it is collided that insecurity is not only that which is part of the statistics, since much is not visible. Likewise, the perception of insecurity for women is greater because more than meaning material damage, there is the possibility of being sexually violated. Therefore, public security policies must consider the perception of female insecurity in public space.
Shelley Buckingham (2011, p. 61) affirms “guaranteeing the safety of women in cities is an intricately linked measure to public infrastructure and transport […]” To this, it is necessary to add that it is not only a matter of infrastructure and access to goods and services, positionwhich also requires cultural and structural changes in terms of patriarchal order.
Finally, it is essential. At the same time, gender violence should not be lost in or domestic doors, because all this configures female subordination.
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