Influence of the Church in Mathematics as Science
Introduction
From its origin, science seemed to agree with the Bible and its different beliefs in some or mostly of theories. Because the theories of the time were adjusted to practice, that is, they were born from actions or events lived in everyday life. However, with the advances of these together with the passage of time, everything explained in the sacred text we call today was questioned, Bible today. What would be mathematics and other linked sciences, if the Church had not approved its postulates from the beginning?
Developing
In the book, “Is God a mathematician?”By the writer and researcher Mario Livio, in this he presents us as mathematics are as old as our own humanity, in his book there are nineteen times the word" Church ", six times the word" religion "and seven times words related to Christianity such as "Christian", "Christian" and "Christianity". Although these words are not very significant in terms of quantity in the aforementioned book, every time they are named, our writer makes us known once more than religion, it was influential for the development of mathematics and other sciences linked to is.
Well, the Church had some preferences with some of these applicants. Since the religious community determined indirectly or indirectly the permanence of some theories. Mario Livio (2009), “The third reason for the incredible ability to stay in Aristotle’s wrong theory was that the Christian Church adopted its theory as part of the official orthodoxy, which acted as a deterrent agent against any attempt to question the statements of Aristotle." (p. 57 – 58).
For the theory that was accepted for many decades was about the "law of quantitative movement", in which Aristotle argued that the speed at which objects fell was directly proportional to their weight; Therefore, a stone fell faster than a small leaf of a tree. This theory is extracted from the natural phenomena seen in our daily lives; or as explained at the beginning of the book, of an active type. Mario Livio (2009), "" Active ". When physicists wander through the labyrinth of nature, they use mathematics to illuminate their path: the tools they use and develop, the models they build and the explanations they conjure are of a mathematical nature." (p. 10).
However, Aristotle at all examined this argument at a mathematical height, since he found these deductions as obvious; As consistent, this theory would form the clear example of a "storm" theory. Mario Livio (2009), “Three different forces combined to create an unquestionable doctrine. First, (…) absence of precise measures, (…). Second, we have the colossal weight of the unique reputation of Aristotle and his authority as a scholar. After all, we are talking about the person who established the foundations of a large part of the intellectual culture of the West."
Like, the religious community had some favors with other scholars, but this time I will talk about characters such as: Isaac Newton and Descartes. For these were recognized by this religious group thanks to the fact that they were believers and every discovery or theory, they considered that they were discovering and understanding more and more the creation of God.
For Isaac Newton, mathematics were maximum proof of God’s existence. Mario Livio (2009), “In his optical book, Newton made it clear that he did not believe that the laws of nature were enough for themselves to explain the existence of the universe; God was the creator and the support of all the atoms that constituted the cosmic matter." (p. 144).
However, Descartes sought the way to demonstrate the existence of God through philosophy and his first postulations formed according to his colleagues at that time a "vicious circle". Mario Livio (2009), “This God, he affirmed, was the ultimate origin of all truth, and the only guarantor of the ability of human reasoning. This argument of suspect circular aspect (known as Cartesian circle) was criticized even in the time of Descartes, especially by the insightful philosopher Antoine Arnauld (…) How can we trust such demonstration, which is in turn a product of the mind human? Descartes made several desperate attempts to flee from this vicious circle, (…). The "additional proof" of Descartes for the existence of God was also questionable. From a general philosophical point of view an ontological argument can be called." (p. 145).
Descartes’s application did not have much conviction for his fellow philosophers and as a consequence he was accused of atheism; Consequently, his books entered the list of prohibited texts according to the Catholic Church. Mario Livio (2009), “His argument of him is that logic alone is not enough to establish the existence of anything that has consequences in the physical world, in particular an entity of God’s grandeur. Interestingly, Descartes was accused of promoting atheism, and his (…) prohibited books of the Catholic Church in 1667." (p. 145 – 146).
The main opportunity to illuminate my training in this grampola was by Nicolas Copernicus (heliocentric argument of the solar system) and Galileo Galilei (telescope), both with their great numerical and argumentative contributions were forced to demonstrate that these were not true. Nicolas Copernicus during the 16th century, in his book entitled "On the revolutions of the celestial orbs" as many know we proposed that the earth revolved around the sun, what he called the "heliocentric theory of the solar system"; Therefore, he sought to correct geocentrism -theory that states that the earth is the center of the solar system-. Due to the wanting to replace the idea that the Church had adopted, of geocentrism, some inconveniences emerged in the approach of it and clearly the Church. According to text, science and religion. The conflict (2005) was born, “a fearful editor wrote the preface, in which he presented the heliocentric theory – the concept that the earth revolves around the sun – as a mathematical ideal, not necessarily as an astronomical truth.”(2005). As a consequence, the Catholic community had to prohibit Copernicus works in 1610.
Galileo, years later as the main defender of this idea. Mario Livio (2009), “The judges accused Galileo of“ having believed and sustained the doctrine – which is false and contrary to the sacred and divine writings – that the sun is the center of the world and does not move from this to west to west , and that the earth moves and is not in the center of the world »." (p. 105).
This was mainly because it was an innovative and "against" proposal of the Bible. For Anthony Gottlieb (2018), “The Catholic Church was not so committed to biblical fundamentalism and took something more to issue its official conviction (…) one of the reasons that copernicanism could avoid the censorship of the Catholic Church was the beginning of the Catholic Church was that their implications took time to assume. Only when the new astronomy had been openly adopted by some thinkers, the destabilizing that could become.”(For the magazine, the old mole).
However, after all complications and countless inconveniences with these scholars. According to Mario Livio (2009), "on October 31, 1992, the Catholic Church finally decided" rehabilitate "Galileo. After recognizing that Galileo was always in possession of reason, but avoiding a direct criticism of the Inquisition ”(p. 106 – 107). Based on everything explained above and answer my problem question formulated at the beginning of this essay, it is clear that the Church marked a great prominence in the development of this science. However, since its inception there has been constant discussion with the Church and the certain science, with respect to our history and daily life does not allow to find an affinity between these.
conclusion
In my view, probably without the permission of the Catholic community; Indeed, if mathematics and their great development had emerged. With the exception that his rhythm would not have been the same, this mainly because of the prohibition of some books -as they did with Copernicus-. I also think that through protests and union by the same people; Only in this way, this "incoherent linkage" of science and the Bible can be released from this.
Bibliography
- http: // www.booksmakers.com/esdiosunmatematico/pdf/es%20dios%20un%20Mathematical%20-%20Mario%20livio.PDF
- https: // www.E-Torredabel.com/history-of-the-philosophy/philosophiamedievallymodern/discards/discards-argumentologico.htm
- https: // wol.Jw.org/es/wol/d/r4/lp-s/102003284
- https: // wol.Jw.org/es/wol/d/r4/lp-s/2005240?Q = COP%C3%A9RNICO & P = PAR
- https: // www.elviejotopo.com/Topoexpress/Copernico-and-la-Church-Catolica/
- https: // www.the voice of Galicia.es/news/information/2013/02/19/Nicolas-Copernico-Galileo-Injusta-Condena/0003136126448438659050.htm
- https: // is.Catholic.net/op/articles/11146/cat/483/la-oglesia-y-la-science.HTML
Leave feedback