Industrial Revolution and Industrial Engineering
“Industrial revolution is called the time between the years of 1760 and 1830, characterized, by the impact that initially caused in several European countries and, finally, in the rest of the world. This fact transforms nations into producers and exporters of industrially elaborated consumer goods and, to others, into consumers of these and suppliers of raw materials ”.
In this segment we will address the historical concept with respect to the Industrial Revolution; Initially, the context in which they arise, so, in the mid -fifteenth century!!I was observed a manual production system, thus the industrial revolution is understood as the movement and change that supposed in the industrial and economic order the introduction of the machines to the industry that was only artisanal at that time, in conclusion we call industrial revolution to the fundamental change that occurs on a society when its economy ceases to be based on agriculture and crafts to depend on industry-
The Industrial Revolution was an economic change since the manufacture of products prepared through the use of machinery begins; This revolution would also produce a change in the economic system, the need for capital caused the appearance of industrial capitalism, the ideology that guides capitalism is the liberalism of Adam Smith, which is based on the non -intervention of the State and the search for the benefit of the benefit Individual, which will lead to the greatest benefit for society, during capitalism there were a lot of small businesses (family businesses), which could self-finance, although increasingly they would have more need for capital, which impulses the development of the banks.
This historical fact is especially characterized by:
- The domain of the bourgeoisie over the economy and politics:
The current capitalist system, seeking as a priority the profit and increase of capital, came to consider that the workforce offered by the proletariat was considered as merchandise, which is why the employer-worker relations became somewhat cold, unleashing in social conflicts.
With the industrialization, a complex social structure was developed, the industrial revolution causes the society that was then constituted by estates (closed groups determined in the birth and with a function prescribed since times of the feudal system), to become a society Integrated by social classes, that is, groups of people determined by an economic activity and the income it gives them, the money becomes an essential element to locate people at different levels of society.
The bourgeoisie understood as the cultured and entrepreneur. In the new system, businessmen, bankers, the big agricultural owners, in summary, the bourgeoisie, became the new ruling class in the elite of the social body, on the contrary, the proletariat that mostly was the rural population that began to live in cities, became cheap labor for the city’s industries.
- Change in the economic model:
The Industrial Revolution reforms the economic system of the Modern Age, this system had stagnated, the economy prior to the revolution focused on poor agriculture, that is, the main economic activity proved to have a performance was very poor, added to the slow and scarce Transport that could be achieved for goods, produced social development at a very slow pace.
The society that was then beaten by different diseases and had a very high infant mortality rate, benefited from the production of large -scale food and instruments that allowed the satisfaction of needs.
The industrialized economy begins to concentrate capitals, which produces a decrease in the number of companies, while the production of large companies begins to grow rapidly, and the survival of large companies must: 1. that the acquisition and maintenance of machines (the same that allowed accelerated production) supposed expenses that only strong companies could assume, 2. Profitability, this is the search for greater profits for the entrepreneur, which only large companies could achieve, capable of taking advantage of resources from resources.
The first industrial revolution
Also called English revolution, it is presented among the mid -18th century until the mid -nineteenth century, in this period we can highlight substantial cabios such as: the inclusion of machines to the production process and the changes in English society. Therefore, what led to the development of the Industrial Revolution in the Society of England was mainly due to the fact that this country had a system of liberal monarchy, which differed with the other countries, since in its contexts there was a monarchy absolute preventing the development of this phenomenon and therefore avoided "stability".
Likewise, the transfer of masses to cities, this due to modernization and techniques in agriculture and the decrease in agricultural fields; This mass transfer allowed the abundance of cheap labor.
It is also due to the purchasing power of the English bourgeoisie whose capital is sufficient to finance the production processes carried in large factories (acquire raw materials, machines and labor).
And finally, another reason for the industrial revolution to occur was the need for instruments that replace manual work and that also achieved the concentration of production, on the other hand a large industry was necessary that produce a merchandise subject a broad and elastic demand , which was reflected in the construction large machines that allowed to abbreviate and optimize the production process, achieving a higher production volume quickly and with a cost of factors less than artisanal production.
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