Hellenic civilization, its history
Hellenic or Greek civilization has its origin in the Minoan and Micianic cultures
Its history begins when for the year 1,200 to. C., A people of Greek origin, known as "the Dorios", defeated the Mycenaeans and seized Greece. The Trojan War, exhibited by Homer, in his work, the Iliad, was related to this invasion. With the Dorios a period of cultural recoil began, where life in Greece descended to a very primitive level, this is known as the "dark age".
However, from the seventh to the seventh century. C., Greece enters the archaic era, since they recovered their policy, economy and culture.
This recovery was possible thanks to the organization of cities in Polis and the foundation of different colonies, in places such as Sicily and South France.
Each poly was self-sufficient and had its own government, directed by the Aristoi (whose translation means "the best"), who were people of the nobility headed by a king.
Then, between the 5th and 5th centuries. C, the classical era develops, with the rise of the great polis of Athens and Sparta. During this period, the Greeks joined to defeat the Persians, in the so -called "medical wars". But, later, the differences between Athens and Sparta led to the destructive War of Peloponnese.
After the death of Alexander the Great in Babylon, the Hellenic culture arises, a culture of transition between classical and Roman full Greece, because it ends with the Roman invasion.
Hellenic art
Greek art is had as classic, whose sculptural models and architectural styles have been reproduced again and again by Western civilization.
In the Greek painting, its decoration of amphorae, dishes and ceramic vessels, with designs that went from geometric shapes to drawings of plants and animals called “meanders”. The human figure is later included.
The scenes they represented were organized with horizontal stripes, which allowed their reading when making the piece spin.
Hellenic sculpture
The first Greek sculptures were small human figures made in clay and wax.
It was not until the archaic era that the Greeks began to work with stone. Statues of men and women who expressed an ideal beauty in the stone.
During the Hellenistic period, works of unmatched monumentality and beauty emerged, such as the "Coloso de Rodas".
Hellenic philosophy
Philosophy was one of the great contributions of Hellenic culture to the world.
Known by the great Greek authors: Socrates, Plato, Anaximens ..
I looked for total knowledge of everything that surrounded the human being, why life.
The philosophers belonging to this period are separated from politics and their duties as citizens in the search for how to achieve happiness individually.
The so -called Hellenistic schools or schools of happiness flourish, because this is its goal. The main schools were epicureanism, stoicism, skepticism and cynics. The followers of these schools position themselves against men with power and intend to free the population of fear and ignorance.
The cynics are shown against material goods. Epicureans claim independence. Stoics order not to depend on passions. The skeptics claim that we cannot know anything with certainty.
Some thoughts were:
- Aristotle speaks that man is a "civic animal", whose frame of reference is nature and humanity.
- Stoic and epicurean philosophy summarizes the practical end of the existence in which "wise is not only the one who knows, but the one who knows how to live".
- Philosophy is a unit knowledge with a fundamentally moral purpose.
- Speculation lacks value.
- Happiness was more related to the absence of suffering than with fullness.
Bibliography
- Ancient Greece. Accessed September 23, 2019, from http: // www.Mallorcaweb.Net/Mamiranda/Espor.PDF
- Greece. The archaic era. Accessed September 23, 2019, from http: // www.Classes History.com/bilingual/1eso/Grece/History-Archaic-Esp.HTML
- Greek culture. Universal history. Accessed September 23, 2019, from https: // mihistoriaUniversal.com/Age-Antigua/Cultura-Griega/
- Romero, f. (2018). Contributions from Hellenic culture to the world. Accessed September 23, 2019, from https: // www.a teacher.com/science-social/contributions-of-la-culture-helenic-al-mundo-2483.HTML
- Hellenistic schools. Stoicism, Epicureanism and skepticism. Accessed September 23, 2019, from http: // www.philosophy.Net/Materials/Sofiafilia/HF/Soff_U4_1.HTML
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