Green supply chain: The necessary standard
Green supply chain research and the 8 steps to be followed to be able to implement it in your own company. Within these steps there are details of how to find the optimal number of experts to carry out this process. In addition, cases of Medellín and Bogotá will be presented in the companies used this alternative and managed to reduce their environmental impact while developing additional competitive advantages.
This research will develop all the essential aspects of a green supply chain. When applied, the green chain manages to solve the problem of indifference from the business world towards the environment and sustainability. The business sector (mostly manufacturing) is one of the greatest pollutions in the environment, so with the daily creation of new businesses around the world, the effect that each entrepreneur can have on the environment increases. This research seeks to explain what are the steps and methods of applying a green chain with environmental impact as well as the effects it manages to have on the companies that apply it and the environment (in the long term). This will lead to the importance of a sustainable chain in business, and if it influences major changes.
As a general concept, the supply chain is composed of all the pieces that lead to the satisfaction of the final customer. It also covers the coordination of all the activities of supply, acquisition and transformation and the management of the partners (distributors, suppliers, transporters, among others). When talking about the green “GSCM” approach, it is added “environmental thinking, including product design, selection and supply of materials, manufacturing processes, delivery of the final product to the consumer, as well as themanagement at the end of product life ”5. Environmental thinking aims to reduce the impact of each part of the process on the environment, throughout the product of the product. For this reason, when an supply chain is integrated and rever.
The methodology for the ecologization of the chain identifies 8 general processes that contain different activities to develop (depending on each business). The first process is of green design: eliminate hazardous substances in the design, focus the design to reduce waste and waste, design products with less energetic expenditure in its use and process and row. The second is green manufacturing: use of clean technologies, reduce use of hazardous substances, recycle raw material to reduce waste, save energy and reduce emissions. The third process is of green distribution: use of recyclable packaging, recovery of materials when labeling them and friendly transportation. The fourth is green shopping: participation of suppliers in environmental management of the organization, ISO 14000 certification from suppliers, purchase management of non -polluting or exhausting materials of the ozone layer and use of 6 R’s in the process of purchase. The fifth process is green marketing: use of environment as a marketing argument, sponsorship of environmental events and cooperation with customers and suppliers in formulation of environmental objectives. The sixth process is green innovation: creation of competitive advantage through green product, customer participation in design and process and creation of research centers to develop green products. The Seventh is Green Human Resources Management: Training in Environmental Management to Personnel, Choice of Personnel based on Motivation and Environmental Management Commitment and Creation of Environmental Training Programs for all staff. Finally, the eighth process is of reverse logistics: Characterization and return of defective waste for maneage and return of seasonal waste, implementation of activities 6 RS in supply chain, comprehensive treatment of emissions SO2, NOX and DQ and use of methods of reduction methods of reduction ofpollution by treatment of waste generated and environmental impact measurement when treating them.
Incorporating the 8 processes and different activities of each one identifies a sequence of 6 steps that a company must follow when applying a GSCM. First we seek to formulate the problem that you want to solve when the supply chain reverge, this helps to know the limitations of the company and its goals in terms of competitive advantages. Then the Director Group must be defined, this has the role of carrying out the investigation from the selection of managers to the analysis. The next step is to select and value the required experts using the following formula for the number of experts required:
Then the experts must be classified according to the value they add to the investigation, for this the following formula is used, where KA represents coefficient of argumentation of the expert and KC is the average coefficient of knowledge about the defined problem.
The next step is to design and apply the instrument for the consultation of experts, this instrument must be a specifically designed survey to the problem raised. This survey must be weighted with AHP, an anus simple weighting, depending on the interaction with the experts to have. The Penultimo step is to carry out the concordance test that consists of measuring the level of agreement between experts with Kendall (W) indicator. If this is greater than or equal to 0.5, then there is a good level of concordance between experts and research is validated. Formula W is as follows:
Finally, it is concluded with step 6 that is to build and apply the GSCM indicator, the environmental performance indicator, with the following formula:
I seek to improve your process through environmental factors. The first step to achieve this was the selection of suppliers based on the green supplies chain.
Bogotá textile marketer is an example of a company that seeks to apply the green supplies chain. This company aims to become a global supplier. To achieve this today it is very important that the company integrates a green approach to its supply chain due to the importance of environmental responsibility throughout the world. Suppliers are a very important element in the supply chain, for this reason a selection and evaluation process that considers environmental factors is needed. The chain in the textile sector is formed by 4 parts: the fiber producer, textilery, clothing and warehouses. The Bogotá textile marketer chain specifically works as follows: First the company purchase the fabrics or raw material, then this is delivered to its clothing plants and finally the clothing is distributed to all stores. At present, this company chooses its suppliers according to the price, delivery time, quality, guarantee and confidentiality. As can be seen the criteria have no environmental consideration. According to Chopra “most of the energy, use of water and emissions of companies, occurs in the extension of their supply chain, outside their own business.
Therefore, to have a real impact on sustainability, the strongest players must see in the extension of the supply chain and work with their suppliers to improve performance."Because the most notable environmental impact is not found in the marketing business, but through its supply chain it is of the utmost importance that the company adds to its process of selecting and evaluating the following criteria to be able to becomeA global provider: if you have an environmental management system 5 points, if you know and apply indicators for environmental management 4 points, if you have a procedure for identification of 3 points, if it evidences the knowledge of the environmental standards related to the company 2 points and ifDoes not evidence the knowledge of environmental standards related to company 1 point.
The GSCM model also proposed to a company in Medellín dedicated to distributing electrical supplies. To make this proposal, company data was analyzed such as: its characteristics, the supply chain, logistics and environmental skills developed. In relation to the characteristics of the company, this marketing electrical supplies in the national market is medium -sized. Its products are connectors, wires, cables, pipes, among others. The supply chain is composed of the supply of 20 national and international suppliers. The products are stored until the customer demands them. For this reason the company must package the products. The already packaged products are distributed through two trucks and a motorcycle. In relation to reverse logistics, it manages the return of defective or non -satisfying products and returns obsolete products to the supplier or otherwise discards them. After the analysis performed that the logistics of this company in Medellín do not have a GSCM model. To increase environmental sustainability, a new supply chain is proposed with points where environmental practices are proposed in the logistics process. In the supply, the company must require suppliers that the materials used to pack are reusable or ecological. In addition, you must include a selection process to choose suppliers that offer recycled products or that can be manufactured again. Regarding storage, the inventory must be calculated so that there is no obsolete inventory. Finished product packaging should be recycled or reused cardboard boxes. The distribution is made with land transport therefore produces CO2 that pollutes the environment. The way to reduce this is with a controlled fuel consumption by implementing routes to optimize the kilometers that are traveled. Finally, processes must be included to recycle and remanufacture returns.
The green supply chain adds to the supply chain Environmental Practices. This model is very important because it reduces the impact on the environment that all processes have to deliver a product to a customer. The green supply chain can be applied in all types of company from a company dedicated to textile marketing to a company dedicated to the marketing of electrical supplies. This also generates an impact on the company because it adds value to the product. Finally, it is important to include green practices in companies that seek to become global since currently the world gives much importance to the environment and sustainability.
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- Chopra, s. &. (2013). Supply Chain Management: Strategy, Planning, and Operation. Pearson USA. In s. &. Chopra, Supply Chain Management: Strategy, Planning, and Operation. New York: Pearson.
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