Gothic architecture in England
Introduction
In England at the end of the 12th century, the ancient style of Romanesque architecture, known as ‘Norman Architecture’, was gradually replaced by a new style known as Gothic architecture, born in France. This new Gothic style flourishes in England approximately 1180 until about 1520, and evolved similarly to its counterpart in the continent the French Gothic. There are three main periods of the English Gothic, the ‘Early English Gothic’, from 1180 to 1250, the ‘decorated Gothic’, from 1250 to 1350, separated in the ‘geometric’ style, from 1250 to 1290, and style’Curvilíneo’, from 1290 to 1350.
Developing
‘Perpendicular Gothic’, from 1350 to 1520. Like the continental, French Gothic, the English variety is characterized by its pointed arches, vaulted roofs, buttresses, extended windows and needles. However, it also presented certain differences such as the double transept, flat headwaters, facades with horizontal development;These differences can be seen in the Lincoln Cathedral or the King´s College chapel in Cambridge. In England, the first large -scale application of English Gothic architecture took place in the Canterbury Cathedral and Westminster Abbey.
While a good example of how it naturally evolved from Norman architecture can be seen in Durham’s cathedral, which has the oldest pointed cruciousness vault. Gothic art took root in England about 50 years after France, but lastly last. Many of England’s medieval cathedrals were built in Gothic style, but also numerous castles, palaces, universities and large houses. Although it decreased in the sixteenth century, the English Gothic reappeared three centuries later during the Gothic Renaissance, one of the most popular movements of the nineteenth century architecture, between 1820 and 1900.
The work chosen to develop in depth will be the Lincoln Cathedral: Guillermo the conqueror ordered the construction of the first cathedral in Lincoln in 1072. The church that existed before that, the church of Santa María, which was not a cathedral. Bishop Remigius built the first Lincoln cathedral at the current site and finished it in 1092. He died two days before he was consecrated on May 9 of that year. About 50 years later, most of that building was destroyed in a fire. Bishop Alexander rebuilt and expanded the cathedral, but was destroyed by an earthquake in 1185.
Only the central part of the West Front and the lower halves of the West towers survived this period. The Enrique II King of England approved the choice of San Hugo de Avalon, a Cartujo monk, as a bishop of Lincoln in 1186. San Hugo began an important reconstruction project in the emerging early English style, but died in 1200 before his plan was finished. The east end of the cathedral moved every time the building was extended. The Eastern Wall of the Normanda Cathedral was at the center of what is now the San Hugo choir. The existing structure ended around 1280, but repairs and remodeling have continued.
There have been repeated problems with the towers, removed in 1807, and the towers, which were sometimes thought to be in danger of collapsing. This was despite the attempts to prop up the towers digging under them to increase support, an early attempt of what is now a common engineering project in a building like the inclined tower of Pisa. The Lincoln Cathedral and her bishops have had a prominent role in the history of England. The Magna Carta was signed by the bishop of Lincoln, among others, and one of the remaining two copies resides in the Cathedral Library. Today, more than 1 million pounds every year is spent on keeping Lincoln’s cathedral in shape.
The most recent project completed was the restoration of the West Front in 2000. About 10 years ago it was discovered that the buttresses at the end were no longer connected to the adjacent stone, and hurried repairs had to be made. The problems arise because the construction techniques used were innovative at that time, and the builders were literally inventing it as they advanced. Previously there were only Norman churches, which were short, dark and with thick walls and small windows. The introduction of the Gothic style caused the churches to be brilliant and spacious.
But they were writing the rules book at the same time, and it was essay and error. However, parts of the ship’s roof have begun to fall, which requires that a green network underneath to catch any piece as the only alternative to close the cathedral. On the outside, tourists have had to dodge masonry pieces that fall, creating the need for urgent repairs of some decomposing stone works. Despite its structural problems, Lincoln’s cathedral is still very dear and is visited by more than 250,000 tourists a year. Lincoln’s cathedral is mainly gothic style.
Particularly early English and decorated periods of the thirteenth century. The West Front is one of the great glories of the Lincoln Cathedral, which rises high and wide as a stone cliff. The lower part, which includes portals and high niches, dates from the Romanesque period and includes some notable sculptures, including a frieze from heaven and hell of the year 1140. The rest of the facade, the huge Gothic ’decorated’ screen with small blind arches, was added in the 1240s. The central tower rises to 271 feet and remains the tower of the highest cathedral in Europe today without a needle.
The tower originally carried a wood -coated wooden needle that rose 525 feet, but this collapsed in 1549 during the bad weather. The Lincoln Cathedral was the first building to overcome the height of the Great Guiza Pyramid, thus becoming the highest structure in the world, and thus remained for more than two centuries until the needle collapse. In the back of the cathedral there is a beautiful view through a very careful grass towards the east end of the cathedral and the polygonal chapter room. Both date from the mid -thirteenth century. The great cruise is the home of the two best stained glass windows in the cathedral, rosetons known as the eye of the dean and the eye of the bishop.
conclusion
The eye of the dean still contains much of its medieval stained glass windows, which represent the final judgment. THE STOR OF ST. Hugh, dating from 1360-80, is one of the best choirs in England. Its beautifully carved wood stalls include 62 mercy and many finely carved table banks. The choir or the pulpit that separates the nave choir dates from the 1330s and contains fine sizes and traces of original paint. In the chapel of the sailors, the great northern transept, there is a window that commemorates Captain John Smith, born in Lincolnshire, one of the pioneers of the first settlements in America and the first governor of Virginia.
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