Galileo Galilei And His Contributions In Physical Science

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Galileo Galilei and his contributions in physical science

Contributions of Galileo Galilei

Few individuals have had such a deep impact on science as the Italian physicist and astronomer Galileo Galilei, whose innovative inventions and discoveries earned him the title of ‘Father of Modern Science’. With contributions in mathematics, physics and astronomy, the innovative experiment of Galileo the approach promoted towards science made it a key figure of the scientific revolution of the 16th and 17th centuries. During this time, he practically denied Physics and Aristotelian cosmology that sciences previously dominated in Europe.  Some of Galileo’s contributions were:

1. Contribution to Copernican theory. Before a valid theory until the arrival of Copernicus, Galileo, Johannes Kepler and Tycho Brahe. Galileo, many believed that God created the universe and therefore the researchers only considered studying what was in the same.
2. Scientific revolution. One of Galileo Galilei’s most important contributions was his attitude towards the Catholic Church of wanting to go one step further and demonstrate that the model or theory about the universe was not correct, regardless of how much it would cost him.
3. Galileo Galilei books. Galileo published books about different fields, such as astronomy and physics. Among them we can find: "The sidereal messenger" that deals with the discoveries that the scientist made about the moon; "The operations of the geometric and military compass" consisted of the scientist’s explanation about the experiments and applications that must be used in the technological field; "The book of discourse about the things that float about water" consisted rather in an investigation that sought to verify Aristotle’s theory, which was true; "Dialogues about the two maximum systems of the world" was about the different points of view about the theories of the universe of the time, specifically there were three, the copernican theory, which did not believe in it and the impartial, the book was develop with a person for each thought; "Two new sciences" aimed to make a summary about the sciences of movement and strength; which were part of Galileo Galilei’s contributions to physics.

Movement Law

Newton’s first law was the subject of Galileo’s study, which understood that bodies can accelerate at the same pace regardless of their mass or size;so that the movement was only the speed and direction of a body. According to Galileo, the movement occurred thanks to the application of a "force" and that if it was not part of the system, the body would be in "rest". In addition, he also concluded that objects are able to resist changes in their movement, therefore discovered the "inertia". 

Telescope improvement

Although this man did not invent the telescope, if he managed to improve it considerably. In those years there was already a telescope that was capable of making triple increases, but Galileo managed to adjust the lenses to get a thirty times increased more. The first telescope was news in 1609 and only one year later, this scientist had created more than fifty copies (not all functional).

Saturn satellites

Galileo’s contributions were extremely varied, since in this case he observed Jupiter’s satellites (he first saw them in January 1610) through his telescope, believing that they were stars at the beginning but then understood that it wasHis satellites, which the closer they were the planet, moved more quickly. 

Sunspots

Galileo’s greatest contributions on the Solare spots were on their study, which together with the other investigations allowed him to reinforce Copernican theory, since these spots were an indication that the earth revolved around the sun. 

Moon studies

Galileo Galilei lunar studies were subject to study. From there the theory was born that our satellite was from our same nature (it observed mountains and craters in it), which gave him more reasons to believe in Copernican theory. 

Scientific methodology

Galileo Galilei is considered the father of the scientific method, which he presented in the period of conservatism of the Catholic religion and that in turn, had no relationship with the theories of Aristotle. The finding was made when Galileo used mathematical demonstrations in some of his discoveries or investigations;which is considered a research tool. Despite not having mentioned it (there are doubts about why), this served for the subsequent development of the scientific method.

Galileo innovated demonstrating that force caused acceleration and not speed as Aristotle said in antiquity, which allowed him to understand that the force of gravity is a constant force and that it produces a constant acceleration effect on the bodies that fall towards the ground.

Bibliography

1. Curiosities. (2018). 12 contributions from Galileo in science. self-help resources.