Factors that influence plants growth
Like other living organisms, plants require factors, climatic, biological and edaphic, which allow the plant to be an optimal growth and development, it is established that a plant reaches its maximum growth when none of the growth factors are present in lower amount required by the plant, on the other hand when a factor is inefficient during the plant’s life cycle, the plant is smaller than the others. The factors that will be treated in this section are; climatic factors, specifically the light subfactors and the temperature and the edition factor.
Light is a set of electromagnetic waves, emitted by the Sun. The electromagnetic spectrum is constituted by waves of different frequencies, between it has light radiation or also known as photosynthetically active radiation that reaches a wavelength of 400 to 700 nm. Another characteristics of light radiation is its visibility, which allows autotrophic living organisms or also called photosynthetic to absorb and use this energy to perform photosynthesis. Vegetables constitute the most important group of photosynthetic organisms, which in the process of photosynthesis, in the luminous phase and dark phase, generate their own food to develop and grow, also form oxygen (O2) beneficial for the planet. The greater the availability of light for the main plant its growth and development, for the plants that grow with a small amount of light, they have poor chlorophyll content, they lengthen in their longitudinal axis and show delay in foliar development, phenomena known as etiole.
Temperature is one of the basic variables of time and weather, it is a property that determines whether there is thermal balance between cold and heat. This subfactor is important to develop vital processes, control distribution and plant productivity. The temperature limits range between 5 ° C and 40 ° C, for forests with temperate or cold weather and temperatures between 15 ° C and 35 ° C, for forests with draft climates. The deficit or surplus of temperature directly affects photosynthesis, breathing, perspiration, water absorption, enzymatic activity, protein coagulation and microbial population causing slow plant growth.
Through various research works it has been shown that light and temperature are the most important subfactors that directly affect the initial stages of the growth of a plant.
Finally we have the edition factor, which refers to the ground. The soil is the superficial layer of the Earth, considered one of the most diverse ecosystems for its physical and chemical composition, which provide food and habitats for a great diversity of flora and fauna. The most important physical characteristics that determine plant growth are apparent density and moisture. Through the apparent density of the soil, the porosity of the soil can be identified, the less the soil the soil will be the difficulty in the growth of the plants. The moisture in the soil determines the diffusion of oxygen in the radical zone, in well -drained soils oxygen does not delay the growth of plants, that is, the absorption of cations and anions is efficient, while in little drained soils it makes it difficult to Anion absorption. As the chemical properties of the soil, which determine the growth of the plants are the pH, since the greatest growth of the plants occurs in basic soils, with pH of 5.7 to 7.2, the soils with little growth of plants, refers to acid soils.
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